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Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of currently married women with most recent birth, Nigeria, Guinea, Mali, Zambia DHS 2018 (Weighted)

From: Temporal relationship between Women’s empowerment and utilization of antenatal care services: lessons from four National Surveys in sub-Saharan Africa

Variable

Nigeria

Mali

Guinea

Zambia

Frequency (%)

Frequency (%)

Frequency (%)

Frequency (%)

Demographic

Number of antenatal visits

   < 8

5519 (82.3)

1870 (96.5)

1560 (97.3)

1505 (98.6)

   ≥ 8

1190 (17.7)

67 (3.5)

43 (2.7)

21 (1.4)

Number of antenatal visits

   < 4

2983 (44.5)

1084 (56.0)

1071 (65.2)

553 (36.2)

   ≥ 4

3726 (55.5)

853 (44.0)

572 (34.8)

973 (63.8)

Time of first antenatal visit

   ≤ 3 months of gestation

1184 (17.6)

687 (35.5)

5525 (26.2)

583 (38.2)

   > 3 months of gestation

5525 (82.4)

1250 (64.5)

1183 (73.8)

943 (61.8)

Age at child birth (years)

   < 19

610 (9.1)

240 (12.3)

225 (13.7)

164 (10.8)

  20–24

1519 (22.6)

489 (25.3)

349 (21.3)

405 (26.6)

  25–29

1946 (29.0)

508 (26.2)

444 (27.0)

364 (23.9)

  30–34

1393 (20.8)

351 (18.2)

308 (18.8)

299 (19.6)

  35–39

841 (12.5)

251 (12.9)

207 (12.6)

204 (13.4)

  40–44

398 (6.9)

96 (5.0)

109 (6.7)

212 (8.9)

Residence

  Urban

2488 (37.1)

384 (19.8)

414 (25.2)

498 (32.7)

  Rural

4221 (62.9)

1553 (80.2)

1229 (74.8)

1028 (67.3)

Religion

  Christians

2669 (33.8)

61 (3.1)

155 (9.5)

1488 (97.5)

  Muslims

4400 (65.6)

1793 (92.6)

1460 (88.8)

12 (0.8)

  Others

40 (0.6)

83 (4.3)

28 (1.7)

26 (1.7)

Birth order

  1–2

2361 (35.2)

630 (32.5)

551 (33.5)

577 (37.8)

  3–4

1931 (28.8)

567 (29.3)

551 (33.5)

449 (29.4)

   ≥ 5

2417 (36.0)

740 (38.2)

541 (33.0)

500 (32.8)

Pregnancy wanted

  No (later/no more)

759 (11.3)

339 (17.5)

259 (15.8)

541 (35.5)

  Yes

5950 (88.7)

1598 (82.5)

1384 (84.2)

985 (64.5)

Polygyny

  Monogamous

4692 (69.9)

1282 (66.2)

1007 (61.3)

1362 (89.3)

  Polygamous as first wife

742 (11.1)

249 (12.8)

218 (13.3)

69 (4.5)

  Polygamous as 2nd or more

1275 (19.1)

406 (21.0)

417 (25.4)

95 (6.2)

Wealth quintiles

  Poorest

1433 (21.4)

411 (21.2)

443 (26.9)

389 (25.5)

  Poorer

1554 (23.2)

422 (21.8)

373 (22.7)

368 (24.1)

  Middle

1420 (21.2)

414 (21.4)

325 (19.8)

297 (19.5)

  Richer

1239 (18.5)

356 (18.4)

309 (18.8)

219 (14.3)

  Richest

1063 (15.8)

333 (17.2)

194 (11.8)

253 (16.6)

Distance to health facility

  Big problem

1907 (28.4)

587 (30.3)

838 (51.0)

568 (37.2)

  Not a big problem

4802 (71.6)

1350 (69.7)

805 (49.0)

958 (62.8)

Covered by health insurance

  No

6574 (98.0)

1840 (95.0)

1625 (98.9)

1497 (98.1)

  Yes

135 (2.0)

97 (5.0)

17 (1.1)

28.5 (1.9)

Husband’s level of education

  None

2502 (37.3)

1370 (70.8)

1225 (74.6)

100 (6.6)

  Primary

861 (12.8)

217 (11.2)

111 (6.78)

569 (37.3)

  Secondary

2291 (34.2)

257 (13.3)

199 (12.14)

719 (47.1)

  Higher

1056 (15.7)

93 (4.8)

107 (6.5)

138 (9.0)

Difference in age between husband and wife

  Wife older or same age

103 (1.5)

34 (1.7)

24 (1.5)

74 (4.8)

  Husband 1–5 years older

1614 (24.1)

409 (21.1)

264 (16.1)

829 (54.3)

  Husband 6–10 years older

2424 (36.1)

649 (33.5)

514 (31.2)

464 (30.4)

  Husband > 10 years older

2568 (38.3)

845 (43.6)

841 (51.2)

160 (10.5)

Total

6709

1937

1643

1526