Table 4 Nutrition and reproductive health knowledge of pregnant women in the intervention and control groups (n1 = n2 = 97)
Knowledge variable | Research period | Correct answer (Frequency and percentage) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention group | Control group | |||
Parenting | ||||
 • Psycho-emotional parenting | ||||
  The benefits of psycho-emotional parenting during pregnancy for foetus and mother | Pre-test | 45 (46.4) | 44 (45.4) | 0.68 |
Post-test | 75 (77.3) | 44 (45.4) | < 0.001 | |
  Appropriate practice of psycho-emotional parenting during feeding period | Pre-test | 34 (35.1) | 36 (37.1) | 0.24 |
Post-test | 73 (75.3) | 37 (38.1) | < 0.001 | |
  Ways to improve ‘bonding’ between mother, foetus, and father during pregnancy | Pre-test | 60 (61.9) | 59 (60.8) | 0.74 |
Post-test | 88 (90.7) | 60 (61.9) | < 0.001 | |
  The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding towards the baby’s psycho-emotional development | Pre-test | 50 (51.5) | 50 (51.5) | 0.98 |
Post-test | 76 (78.4) | 50 (51.5) | < 0.001 | |
  The consequences of not providing psycho-emotional parenting during pregnancy for the baby’s growth and development | Pre-test | 70 (72.2) | 69 (71.1) | 0.84 |
Post-test | 91 (93.8) | 70 (72.2) | < 0.001 | |
 • Nutritional parenting | ||||
  The best nutrition source for babies 0–6 months old | Pre-test | 40 (41.2) | 42 (43.3) | 0.37 |
Post-test | 72 (74.2) | 43 (44.3) | < 0.001 | |
  Timing of complementary feeding for babies | Pre-test | 76 (78.4) | 75 (77.3) | 0.69 |
Post-test | 91 (93.8) | 75 (77.3) | < 0.001 | |
  Dietary sources of macronutrient-rich foods for babies > 6 months old | Pre-test | 77 (79.4) | 77 (79.3) | 0.007 |
Post-test | 93 (95.9) | 78 (80.4) | 0.009 | |
  Dietary sources of micronutrient-rich foods for babies > 6 months old | Pre-test | 78 (80.4) | 78 (80.4) | 0.98 |
Post-test | 94 (96.9) | 78 (80.4) | 0.001 | |
  Appropriate food processing techniques according to baby’s age | Pre-test | 30 (30.9) | 31 (31.9) | 0.85 |
Post-test | 70 (72.2) | 31 (31.9) | < 0.001 | |
Nutrition during pregnancy, stunting, and immunity | ||||
 Understanding of balanced diet | Pre-test | 55 (56.7) | 57 (58.8) | 0.26 |
Post-test | 83 (85.6) | 58 (59.8) | < 0.001 | |
 The benefit of a balanced diet during pregnancy for foetus and mother | Pre-test | 57 (58.8) | 56 (57.7) | 0.39 |
Post-test | 82 (84.5) | 58 (59.8) | < 0.001 | |
 Dietary sources of macronutrient-rich foods | Pre-test | 60 (61.9) | 59 (60.8) | 0.28 |
Post-test | 90 (92.8) | 60 (61.9) | < 0.001 | |
 Dietary sources of micronutrient- rich foods | Pre-test | 59 (60.8) | 60 (61.9) | 0.47 |
Post-test | 82 (84.5) | 61 (62.9) | < 0.001 | |
 Understanding of stunting | Pre-test | 58 (59.8) | 57 (58.8) | 0.75 |
Post-test | 90 (94.8) | 57 (58.8) | < 0.001 | |
 Long-term consequences of stunting in early life | Pre-test | 45 (46.4) | 48 (49.5) | 0.14 |
Post-test | 79 (81.4) | 50 (51.5) | < 0.001 | |
 Synergetic effect of nutrition and infection towards stunting | Pre-test | 41 (42.3) | 40 (41.2) | 0.42 |
Post-test | 80 (82.5) | 41 (42.3) | < 0.001 | |
 Benefits of immunisation in childcare | Pre-test | 67 (69.1) | 66 (68.0) | 0.56 |
Post-test | 90 (92.8) | 66 (68.0) | < 0.001 | |
Reproductive health | ||||
 Benefits of family planning for maternal and babies’ health | Pre-test | 46 (47.4) | 46 (47.4) | 0.35 |
Post-test | 78 (80.4) | 48 (49.5) | < 0.001 | |
 Appropriate contraception method for postpartum mothers | Pre-test | 21 (21.7) | 22 (22.7) | 0.44 |
Post-test | 75 (78.4) | 22 (22.7) | < 0.001 | |
 Benefits of antenatal care for maternal and babies’ health | Pre-test | 70 (72.2) | 71 (73.2) | 0.52 |
Post-test | 90 (92.8) | 72 (74.2) | < 0.001 | |
 Appropriate breast healthcare practice during pregnancy and lactation | Pre-test | 53 (54.6) | 51 (52.6) | 0.12 |
Post-test | 77 (79.4) | 51 (52.6) | < 0.001 | |
 Appropriate women’s reproductive (sexual health/reproductive organ hygiene) health care practice | Pre-test | 52 (53.6) | 53 (54.6) | 0.26 |
Post-test | 79 (81.4) | 54 (55.7) | < 0.001 | |