Table 2 Maternal characteristics in the intervention and control groups in two community health centres in Bogor District (n1 = n2 = 97)
Variable | Frequency (n) and percentage (%) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention | Control | ||||
group | group | ||||
n | % | n | % | ||
A. Socio-demographic Characteristics | |||||
 Age | |||||
  19–25 years | 41 | 42.3 | 36 | 37.1 | 0.53 |
  26–35 years | 43 | 44.3 | 45 | 46.4 | |
   > 35 years | 13 | 13.4 | 16 | 16.5 | |
 Mother’s height | |||||
   < 150 cm | 32 | 33.0 | 28 | 28.9 | 0.058 |
  150–160 cm | 63 | 64.9 | 59 | 60.8 | |
   > 160 cm | 2 | 2.1 | 10 | 10.3 | |
 Mother’s education level | |||||
  Elementary school (≤6 years) | 44 | 45.4 | 41 | 42.3 | 0.51 |
  Junior high school (7–9 years) | 38 | 39.1 | 39 | 40.2 | |
  Senior high school (9–12 years) | 15 | 15.5 | 14 | 14.4 | |
  College (> 12 years) | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 3.1 | |
 Mother’s occupation | |||||
  Housewife | 93 | 95.9 | 92 | 94.8 | 0.39 |
  Working Mothers | 4 | 4.1 | 3 | 3.1 | |
 Father’s education | |||||
  Elementary school (≤6 years) | 77 | 79.4 | 68 | 70.1 | 0.48 |
  Junior high school (7–9 years) | 18 | 18.6 | 25 | 25.8 | |
  Senior high school (9–12 years) | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0 | |
  College (> 12 years) | 1 | 1.0 | 3 | 3.1 | |
 Father’s occupation | |||||
  Entrepreneur | 26 | 26.8 | 21 | 21.7 | 0.64 |
  Private employees | 10 | 10.3 | 14 | 14.4 | |
  Government employees | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
  Labour | 49 | 50.5 | 53 | 54.6 | |
  Others | 11 | 11.3 | 9 | 9.3 | |
 Family income | |||||
   < 1,500,000 IDR | 19 | 19.6 | 20 | 20.6 | 0.19 |
  1,500,000–3,000,000 IDR | 58 | 59.8 | 61 | 62.9 | |
   > 3,000,000 IDR | 20 | 20.6 | 16 | 16.5 | |
 Decision maker in the household | |||||
  Father | 8 | 8.2 | 10 | 10.3 | 0.32 |
  Mother | 6 | 6.2 | 5 | 5.2 | |
  Father and mother | 83 | 85.6 | 82 | 84.5 | |
 Residence status | |||||
  Original population | 76 | 78.4 | 77 | 79.4 | 0.72 |
  Migrants | 21 | 21.6 | 20 | 20.6 | |
B. Obstetric History, Information of Nutrition and Reproductive Health, and Utilisation of Health Services | |||||
 Health insurance | |||||
  No | 31 | 32.0 | 28 | 28.9 | 0.34 |
  Yes | 66 | 68.0 | 69 | 71.1 | |
 Parity | |||||
  Primigravida (pregnant for the first time) | 27 | 27.9 | 20 | 20.6 | 0.26 |
  Multigravida (has been pregnant 2–4 times) | 66 | 68.0 | 67 | 69.1 | |
  Grande multigravida (has been pregnant ≥5 times) | 4 | 4.1 | 10 | 10.3 | |
 Exposure to nutrition and reproductive health information | |||||
  No | 30 | 30.9 | 32 | 33.0 | 0.43 |
  Yes | 67 | 69.1 | 65 | 67.0 | |
 Contraceptive methods (before the current pregnancy) | |||||
  Do not use any method of contraception | 21 | 21.7 | 20 | 20.6 | 0.39 |
  Natural birth control | 4 | 4.1 | 5 | 5.2 | |
  Injection | 43 | 44.3 | 44 | 45.4 | |
  Pills | 26 | 26.8 | 24 | 24.7 | |
  Other contraception (IUD/vaginal ring/condoms) | 3 | 3.1 | 4 | 4.1 |  |
 Place of delivery (the last childbirth) | |||||
  Have never been pregnant before | 27 | 27.8 | 20 | 20.6 | 0.09 |
  At home | 35 | 36.1 | 35 | 36.1 | |
  Health facilities (birth centre/hospital) | 35 | 36.1 | 42 | 43.3 | |
 Birth attendants (the last childbirth) | |||||
  Have never been pregnant before | 27 | 27.8 | 20 | 20.6 | 0.31 |
  Traditional birth attendant (TBA) | 34 | 35.1 | 30 | 30.9 | |
  Skilled birth attendant (doctor, nurse, midwife) | 36 | 37.1 | 47 | 48.5 | |