Table 5 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression models for childbirth with a skilled attendant and empowerment measures and location after controlling for sociodemographic factors
Sociodemographic Factors | Full Sample | Urban Sample | Rural Sample |
|---|---|---|---|
OR (CI) | OR (CI) | OR (CI) | |
Age group (Ref: 25–29) | |||
15–19 | 0.41+ (0.16–1.07) | 0.49 (0.13–1.87) | 0.35 (0.09–1.34) |
20–24 | 0.71 (0.44–1.17) | 0.73 (0.38–1.39) | 0.69 (0.33–1.45) |
30–34 | 0.89 (0.61–1.30) | 1.14 (0.66–1.97) | 0.55 + (0.29–1.06) |
35+ | 1.05 (0.67–1.64) | 1.38 (0.77–2.46) | 0.65 (0.28–1.53) |
Parity (Ref: 0–1) | |||
2 | 0.46** (0.29–0.73) | 0.38 ** (0.20–0.71) | 0.58 (0.29–1.17) |
3–4 | 0.27 *** (0.16–0.44) | 0.27 *** (0.14–0.52) | 0.30 ** (0.14–0.65) |
5+ | 0.27 *** (0.15–0.50) | 0.22 *** (0.10–0.49) | 0.39 * (0.16–0.97) |
Education level (Ref: None/Non-standard) | |||
Primary | 0.54 * (0.33–0.86) | 0.52 + (0.27–1.02) | 0.64 (0.29–1.39) |
Secondary or higher | 0.87 (0.54–1.40) | 0.89 (0.47–1.70) | 0.90 (0.40–2.00) |
Wealth quintile (Ref: Middle) | |||
Lowest | 0.61 + (0.35–1.04) | 0.72 (0.36–1.48) | 0.48 + (0.21–1.10) |
Second | 0.50 ** (0.31–0.83) | 0.40 * (0.19–0.84) | 0.63 (0.31–1.31) |
Fourth | 1.39 (0.87–2.22) | 1.70 (0.85–3.39) | 0.98 (0.50–1.90) |
Highest | 2.03 ** (1.28–3.23) | 1.82 * (1.01–3.29) | 2.33 * (1.11–4.91) |
Religion (Ref: Christian/Catholic) | |||
Muslim/Other | 0.18*** (0.12–0.28) | 0.13*** (0.08–0.20) | 0.26** (0.11–0.62) |
Location (Ref: Jos) | |||
Other Urban | 0.74 (0.44–1.27) | NA | NA |
Rural | 0.22 *** (0.13–0.35) | NA | NA |
Jos (Ref: No) | |||
Yes | NA | 1.28 (0.77–2.14) | NA |
Gender Equality Measures | |||
Household Decision Making | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | 1.00 (0.81–1.23) | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) |
Financial Decision-making | 1.14 (0.83–1.56) | 1.15 (0.79–1.67) | 1.10 (0.63–1.94) |
Prohibitions | 0.57 ** (0.39–0.830 | 0.62* (0.41–0.94) | 0.53 (0.19–1.46) |
Wife-beating Acceptable | 1.38+ (0.96–2.00) | 0.82 (0.51–1.32) | 1.94 ** (1.23–3.06) |