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Table 3 Relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals from multinomial logistic regression model for use of family planning methods and empowerment measures and location after controlling for sociodemographic factors among women in union from Plateau State, Nigeria, 2017

From: The association of empowerment measures with maternal, child and family planning outcomes in Plateau State Nigeria by urban-rural residence

Sociodemographic Factors

Traditional Method vs. Non-User

Modern Method vs. Non-User

Full Sample

Urban Sample

Rural Sample

Full Sample

Urban Sample

Rural Sample

RRR (CI)

RRR (CI)

RRR (CI)

RRR (CI)

RRR (CI)

RRR (CI)

Age group (Ref: 25–29)

 15–19

1.36 (0.31–5.79)

0.73 (0.07–7.29)

2.63 (0.33–20.96)

1.41 (0.63–3.17)

1.96 (0.66–5.82)

1.10 (0.32–3.75)

 20–24

1.71 (0.86–3.40)

2.11+ (0.98–4.55)

0.86 (0.21–3.46)

1.50+ (0.99–2.27)

1.35 (0.72–2.53)

1.64+ (0.95–2.84)

 30–34

1.14 (0.64–2.00)

1.16 (0.64–2.09)

0.95 (0.14–6.27)

1.10 (0.75–1.61)

1.03 (0.65–1.64)

1.00 (0.51–1.95)

 35+

0.70 (0.39–1.28)

0.64 (0.33–1.26)

0.91 (0.23–3.50)

0.52*** (0.36–0.73)

0.49** (0.33–0.74)

0.48* (0.24–0.95)

Parity (Ref: 0–1)

 2

2.76** (1.41–5.40)

2.61* (1.23–5.55)

4.77+ (0.96–23.67)

3.43*** (2.34–5.03)

3.65*** (2.25–5.93)

3.26** (1.63–6.50)

 3–4

2.65** (1.35–5.21)

2.83** (1.35–5.95)

2.85 (0.43–18.68)

5.92*** (4.05–8.66)

7.02*** (4.45–11.05)

4.93*** (2.61–9.31)

 5+

3.47** (1.63–7.39)

2.86* (1.16–7.06)

6.69* (1.04–42.97)

10.24*** (6.48–16.18)

9.99*** (5.54–18.01)

13.5*** (6.05–30.19)

Education level (Ref: None/Non-standard)

 Primary

3.51** (1.43–8.60)

3.42* (1.25–9.33)

3.48 (0.54–22.30)

1.38 (0.88–2.19)

0.86 (0.47–1.58)

2.41** (1.29–4.49)

 Secondary or higher

3.90** (1.71–8.90)

3.23* (1.26, 8.30)

5.71+ (0.81–40.24)

1.70* (1.11–2.59)

1.23 (0.68–2.22)

2.89** (1.49–5.61)

Wealth quintile (Ref: Middle)

 Lowest

0.30* (0.12–0.76)

0.30* (0.09–0.95)

0.30 (0.05–1.79)

0.81 (0.51–1.26)

0.83 (0.47–1.45)

0.87 (0.45–1.67)

 Second

0.30** (0.14–0.68)

0.27** (0.10–0.69)

0.44 (0.09–2.13)

0.70+ (0.48–1.02)

0.64+ (0.40–1.04)

0.81 (0.43–1.52)

 Fourth

0.75 (0.46–1.23)

0.65 (0.38–1.11)

0.87 (0.22–3.34)

0.98 (0.68–1.40)

0.83 (0.50–1.37)

1.13 (0.69–1.85)

 Highest

1.02 (0.59–1.78)

0.93 (0.50–1.72)

1.05 (0.28–3.85)

1.06 (0.76–1.48)

0.83 (0.55–1.24)

1.58 (0.83–3.01)

Religion (Ref: Christian/Catholic)

 Muslim/Other

0.97 (0.60–1.58)

0.95 (0.54–1.69)

1.10 (0.34–3.52)

0.24*** (0.15, 0.39)

0.18*** (0.12–0.28)

0.47 (0.19–1.18)

Location (Ref: Jos)

 Other Urban

0.77 (0.37–1.62)

0.81 (0.38–1.73)

NA

0.68+ (0.43–1.05)

0.60* (0.38–0.95)

NA

 Rural

0.40** (0.23–0.68)

NA

NA

0.53** (0.36–0.80)

NA

NA

Gender Equality Measures

Household Decision Making

1.10 (−)

1.17 (−)

0.93 (−)

1.16** (−)

1.14* (−)

1.18* (−)

Financial Decision-making

2.13** (1.31–3.48)

1.84* (1.04–3.27)

3.67* (1.19–11.26)

1.13 (0.89–1.43)

1.13 (0.82–1.55)

1.04 (0.72–1.50)

Prohibitions

0.55+ (0.30–1.02)

0.52+ (0.27–1.00)

0.68 (0.08–5.56)

0.65+ (0.41–1.04)

0.49* (0.29–0.85)

1.50 (0.63–3.59)

Wife-beating Acceptable

0.86 (0.54–1.37)

0.63 (0.31–1.28)

1.23 (0.55–2.74)

1.07 (0.81–1.40)

0.99 (0.68–1.43)

1.07 (0.71–1.62)

  1. The significance test is compared across the places of residence
  2. The unweighted counts were 1981 for full sample, 1192 for urban, and 789 for rural areas
  3. +p < 0.10 *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001