Fig. 4

Effects of VNS on the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in both the serum and placenta in rats with L-NAME-induced PE. VNS treatment attenuated inflammatory cytokines in both plasma and placenta in L-NAME induced PE rats. Serum TNF-α (a), IL-1β (b) and IL-6 (c), placental TNF-α (d), IL-1β (e) and IL-6 (f) were measured in different group on GD 20. Data were presented as Mean + SEM. ^aP < 0.05 vs P, P + VNS, P + Sham and P + VNS + MLA; ^bP < 0.05 vs PE + VNS group