Table 2 Medical and Obstetric factors of the study participants
|  | Overall (N = 400) | Positive Culture (N = 140) | Negative Culture(N = 260) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | n/N (%) | n/N (%) | n/N (%) | p value |
Gravidity | Â | Â | Â | 0.301 |
 Prime-gravid | 114 (28.43) | 39 (27.86) | 75 (28.85) |  |
 Multi-gravid | 218 (54.61) | 71 (50.71) | 147 (56.54) | |
 Grand-multi-gravid | 68 (16.96) | 30 (21.43) | 38 (14.62) |  |
Trimesters | Â | Â | 0.371 | |
 1st | 65 (16.25) | 19 (13.57) | 46 (17.70) |  |
 2nd | 149 (37.25) | 55 (39.29) | 94 (36.15) |  |
 3rd | 186 (46.50) | 66 (47.14) | 120 (46.15) | |
Ever diagnosed with UTI before in this pregnancy | 179 (44.75) | 81 (57.86) | 98 (37.69) | < 0.001 |
Had symptomatic UTI before in this pregnancy | 138 (34.50) | 51 (36.43) | 87 (33.46) | 0.552 |
Got treatment for UTI symptoms | 92 (66.67) | 35 (38.00) | 57 (61.96) | 0.708 |
Symptomatology of UTI | Â | Â | ||
 Painful micturition | 219 (55.16) | 81 (58.27) | 138 (53.49) | 0.360 |
 Increased frequency | 235 (59.19) | 86 (61.43) | 149 (57.98) | 0.504 |
 Urgency of passing urine | 168 (42.21) | 59 (42.45) | 109 (42.08) | 0.945 |
 Urine color change | 247 (61.75) | 89 (63.57) | 158 60.77) | 0.582 |
 Lower abdominal pain | 389 (97.25) | 35 (96.43) | 254 (97.69) | 0.461 |
 Fever | 80 (20.10) | 30 (21.74) | 50 (19.23) | 0.552 |
 Vomiting | 90 (22.50) | 27 (19.29) | 63 (24.23) | 0.259 |
Amount of urine change | Â | Â | Â | 0.639 |
 Same | 85 (21.30) | 30 (21.58) | 55 (21.15) |  |
 Reduced | 217 (54.39) | 79 (56.83) | 138 (53.08) | |
 Increased | 97 (24.31) | 30 (21.58) | 67 (25.77) |  |
Abnormal vaginal discharge, yes | 214 (53.63) | 78 (55.71) | 136 (52.51) | 0.54 |
Chronic conditions present | Â | 0.024 | ||
 Diabetes | 6 (1.50) | 4 (2.86) | 2 (0.77) |  |
 Hypertension | 6 (1.50) | 1 (0.71) | 5 (1.92) |  |
 HIV/AIDS | 30 (7.50) | 17 (12.14) | 13 (5.00) |  |
 Other illness | 3 (0.75) | 1 (0.71) | 2 (0.77) | |
 None | 355 (88.75) | 117 (83.57) | 238 (91.54) | |