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Table 1 Inclusion/exclusion criteria

From: Changes in the cortisol and oxytocin levels of first-time pregnant women during interaction with an infant: a randomized controlled trial

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

1) Singleton pregnancy

1) Obstetric complication requiring treatment

2) Planning vaginal birth

2) Medical history of endocrine disorders or psychiatric disorders

3) > 20 years of age

3) Treatment for oral diseases including caries

4) Participate between 38 weeks-0 days and 38 weeks-6 days

4) Smoking habit

 

5) Nipple massage as self-care for birth induction

6) Infant care involvement during pregnancy