Interventional studies n = 1983 and 12 FGD | ||||||||
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Authors (date) | Country & Study design | Aim | Inclusion criteria and sample (n) | Intervention details & duration | Sampling and recruitment strategy | Data source & analysis | Findings | QA |
Nigeria | ||||||||
 Ibrahim et al. (2014) [46] | Nigeria: Quasi-experimental study | To assess the effect of a health promotion intervention on MP involvement in BPCR | Married men whose wives had been pregnant in preceding 3 years (205 pre and 206 post) | Behavioural intervention Five interactive workshops. A film shown and discussion. Almanacs with messages of MP involvement and reproductive health | Multistage random sampling of intervention and control group | Standardised survey and qualitative interviews with all participants. -Pre-post surveys analysed. Qualitative data thematically analysed. | No increase or change in BPCR following intervention. Qualitative analysis revealed religious beliefs prohibited BPCR | .45†|
Tanzania | ||||||||
 Mushi, Mpembeni & Jahn (2010) [47] | Tanzania: Quasi experimental | To develop, test and assess safe motherhood intervention | Pregnant women and their partners Age 19–53, median 29. 62% married, most married by 18 years old, 41% never been to school. 94% Muslim (242:153 women, 69 partners | Safe Motherhood Intervention Home visits with pregnant women and husband and key community members about danger signs, complications, BPCR, ANC, and birth with a skilled attendant | Random sample of residents in four villages pre and post intervention | Questionnaire: demographic, attendance ANC, risk factors, referral status, place of birth. Qualitative: iSSI with closed and open-ended questions. Referral information. -Outcomes compared pre and post. | -No significant differences in MP knowledge of danger signs between pre and post intervention -MP awareness of: 3 risk practices during pregnancy pre 58 (58%) vs post 39 (55%); 3 danger signs during pregnancy pre 54 (54%) vs 42 (60.9%); 3 complications during delivery pre 41 (41%) vs post 36 (52.2%); 3 practices that contribute to delay in seeking care pre 52 (52%) vs post 40 (58%); MP who did not believe pregnancy complications are due to non-observance of tradition pre 36 (36%) vs 40 (58%). | .67†|
 August, Pembe, Mpembeni, Axemo & Darj (2016) [48] | Tanzania: Quantitative pre/post quasi experimental | To evaluate the Home Based Life Saving Skills in terms of male knowledge of danger signs, joint decision making, birth preparedness and attending ANC | Men with partners who gave birth in last 2 years (1426) | Home Based Life Saving Skills -Joint training of pregnant women and family Aim to educate about BPCR, danger signs, promote health seeking behaviour and provide skills to handle emergencies Teaching through checklists, skill acquisition and Take Action cards Four home visits | Two-stage cluster sampling, random sampling of villages with all eligible men approached. -intervention and comparison group | Standardised JHPIEGO questionnaire Descriptive statistics, net intervention effect difference between baseline and endline in intervention minus effect in comparison group | Outcomes reported as Net Intervention Effect (NIE): Effect of the intervention on male involvement: −3+ danger signs during pregnancy, 3+ during childbirth, and 3+ during postpartum NIE = 27% (CI: 15.3–38.5; p < 0.001). -MP who made three or more BP/CR actions increased significantly, NIE = 26.8%, CI: 15.3–38.2; p < 0.001). | 1. †|
Uganda | ||||||||
 Ekirapa-Kiracho et al. (2016) [49] | Uganda: Evaluation study FGD, IDI | To reflect on gains, challenges and lessons learnt from working with communities to improve maternal and newborn health in rural Uganda | Women who recently gave birth and their partners Community stakeholders (20 IDIs & 12 FGDs) | Participatory Action Research MANIFEST (maternal and neonatal implementation for equitable systems) Aim to increase maternal and newborn health through community awareness Intervention: diagnose problem, plan action, take action, learn from action | Not described | Topic guide not described Thematic analysis | -No quantitative analysis of MP BPCR changes -Men and women anecdotally reported increased awareness about BPCR -Alternative communication strategies are needed to reach men outside the minority who were involved in home visits and community meetings -Some changes were observed among men following intervention, e.g. increased support via nutritious diets, purchasing birth items, and saving for childbirth said women during FGDs. | .60* |