Table 1 Maternal, Infant, and COVID-19 Characteristics (N = 710 Mothers)
Maternal age (mean years ± SD) | 31.69 (5.15) | Maternal Diagnoses | Value n (%) | ||
Infant age (mean weeks ± SD) | 7.92 (3.67) | Current Diagnosis of Anxiety | Mode of delivery | ||
Yes | 140 (19.7) | Vaginal (without medical intervention) | 359 (50.6) | ||
Maternal Characteristic | Value n (%) | No | 567 (79.9) | Elective caesarean section | 134 (18.9) |
Ethnicity | Prefer not to say | 3 (0.4) | Emergency caesarean section | 136 (19.2) | |
White | 676 (95.2) | Vaginal birth (assisted delivery) | 81 (11.4) | ||
Pakistani | 2 (0.3) | Current Diagnosis of Depression | |||
Black African | 2 (0.3) | Yes | 85 (12.0) | Multiple birth | |
Black Caribbean | 1 (0.1) | No | 621 (87.5) | Yes | 9 (1.3) |
Chinese | 3 (0.4) | Prefer not to say | 4 (0.6) | No | 701 (98.7) |
Indian | 7 (1.0) | ||||
Black Other | 1 (0.1) | Current Diagnosis of PTSD | Infant medical complications since birth | ||
Other or prefer not to say | 18 (2.5) | Yes | 28 (3.9) | Yes | 161 (22.7) |
No | 676 (95.2) | No | 546 (76.9) | ||
Marital Status | Prefer not to say | 6 (0.8) | |||
Married or Co-habiting | 667 (93.9) | COVID-19 Characteristic | Value n (%) | ||
Single, Separated/Divorced, or Widowed | 43 (6.1) | Postpartum Anxiety (PPA) | Value n (%) | Suspected COVID-19 | |
Overall PPA PSAS-RSF-C Mean (± SD) | 24.84 (6.28) | Yes | 49 (6.9) | ||
Occupationa | No | 660 (93.0) | |||
In paid employment | 633 (89.2) | Feeling that PPA has been affected by COVID-19 | Prefer not to say | 1 (0.1) | |
Not in paid employment | 77 (10.8) | Yes | 438 (61.7) | ||
No | 267 (37.6) | Tested for COVID-19 | |||
Education Attainment | Prefer not to say | 5 (0.7) | Yes | 2 (0.3) | |
University-level education | 455 (64.1) | No | 47 (6.6) | ||
School-level education | 230 (32.4) | PPA affected by COVID-19 Mean (± SD)b | 7.33 (1.82) | Not Applicable | 661 (93.1) |
No qualifications | 10 (1.4) | ||||
Other qualification | 15 (2.1) | Clinical anxiety diagnosis overall PSAS-RSF-C Mean (± SD) | Family member suspected COVID-19 | ||
Yes | 28.35 (7.45) | Yes | 125 (17.6) | ||
Living Status | No | 23.90 (5.60) | No | 584 (82.3) | |
Own property | 453 (63.8) | Prefer not to say | 1 (0.1) | ||
Rent – privately (from private landlord) | 147 (20.7) | Infant Characteristics | Value n (%) | ||
Rent - local authority (state-owned housing) | 63 (8.9) | Timing of birth | Family member tested for COVID-19 | ||
Live with parents | 36 (5.1) | Premature (< 37 weeks) | 54 (7.4) | Yes | 10 (1.4) |
Other | 11 (1.5) | Term (≥37 to ≤42 weeks) | 652 (91.8) | No | 115 (16.2) |
Post Term (> 42 weeks) | 4 (0.6) | Not applicable | 585 (82.4) | ||
Household Size (incl. participant) | |||||
2 people | 39 (5.5) | Birth order | Birth experience affected by UK Government ‘lockdown’ restrictions | ||
3 people | 296 (41.7) | 1st | 351 (49.4) | Yes | 242 (34.1) |
4 people | 260 (36.6) | 2nd | 265 (37.3) | No | 464 (65.4) |
5 or more people | 115 (16.2) | 3rd and after | 93 (13.1) | Prefer not to say | 4 (0.6) |
Prefer not to say | 1 (0.1) | ||||