Table 2 Health providers’ gender attitudes disaggregated by sex

1. Men should be as involved in caring for their children as women are. #&

100.0

59

100.0

90

100.0

149

p = 0.654

2. Women should remain virgins until they get married.

81.4

48

88.9

80

85.9

128

p = 0.496

3. A woman should be able to use contraceptives, even if her husband disagrees.

70.0

42

79.77

71.0

75.8

113

p = 0.262

4. Adolescents seeking contraceptives should be advised to abstain from sex.

76.7

46

70.0

63

72.7

109

p = 0.531

5. A woman’s most important role is to take care of her home and cook for her family.

57.6

34

74.2

66

67.6

100

p = 0.112

6. A man should have the final word about decisions in his home. #

28.8

17

23.6

21

25.7

38

p = 0.888

7. It is a woman’s responsibility to avoid getting pregnant. #

17.2

10

28.1

25

23.8

35

p = 0.430

8. A woman should not use a family planning method unless her partner agrees.

30.5

18

18.0

16

23.0

34

p = 0.244

9. It is natural and right that men should have more power than women in the family. #

22.0

13

22.5

20

22.3

33

p = 0.993

10. Men are better at making decisions than women are. #

13.6

8

13.6

12

13.6

20

p = 0.974

11. There are times when a woman deserves to be beaten. #

3.4

2

0.0

0

1.3

2

p = 0.370

12. A woman who uses contraceptives without telling her husband deserves to be beaten. #

0.0

0

1.1

1

0.7

1

p = 0.300

13. A woman who has not undergone gukuna imishino (labia elongation) does not deserve respect from her husband. #

0.0

0

1.1

1

0.7

1

p = 0.110

14. A girl who is pregnant before marriage deserves to be shunned, sent away, or otherwise punished. #

1.7

1

0.0

0

0.7

1

p = 0.470