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Table 2 Summary statistics of variables by the Non-Self-Help Group [Non-member] Household and Self-Help Group [SHG] Households with n = 17,232 eligible women

From: The knowledge of danger signs of obstetric complications among women in rural India: evaluating an integrated microfinance and health literacy program

 

Variable

Summary Statistics (N = 17,232)

  

Non-member Households

n (%)

SHG Households

n (%)

 

Independent Variables: Program Exposure Characteristics

1.

 Level of Household (HH) Microfinance (MF) Exposure

10,088 (59%)

7144 (41%)

  HH in a village with no SHG, no health intervention (Pure control-reference)

3705 (36%)

–

  Non-Member Household in a village with SHG only program

3344 (33%)

–

  Non-Member Household in a village with SHG plus health intervention

3039 (30%)

–

  SHG: Member Household in a village with SHG only intervention

–

3622 (51%)

  SHG plus Health: Member Household in a village with SHG plus Health intervention

–

3522 (49%)

2.

 Evaluation Survey Round

  Round 1/ 2015 (=0)

5454 (54%)

3269 (45%)

  Round 2/−2017 (=1)

4634 (45%)

3875 (54%)

 

Independent Variables: Individual Health and Health System Characteristics

3.

 Parity (number of previous pregnancies) of Eligible Woman

Mean = 2.4 (SD = 1.4)

Mean = 2.4 (SD = 1.4)

4.

 Any Past Pregnancy Loss (due to spontaneous/induced abortion)

2548(25%)

1888(26%)

5.

 Any Complication experienced in last pregnancy/labour or post-partum

4779 (47%)

3435 (48%)

6.

 Eligible woman’s correct knowledge of the minimum number of ANC required during pregnancy

3714 (37%)

2760 (39%)

7.

 Received Four or more Antenatal Check-up (ANC) in last pregnancy with urine/blood pressure /weight/abdominal/ultrasound test in last ANC)

2666 (26%)

2077 (29%)

8.

 Place of Last Delivery

  Home Delivery (reference)

1739 (17%)

1198 (17%)

  Institutional Delivery

8349 (83%)

5946 (83%)

9.

 Duration (in hours) of stay in Health Facility immediately after delivery

  1. Home Delivery (reference)

1739(17%)

1198(17%)

  2. Discharged within 12 h

5596(56%)

4125(58%)

  3. Discharged between 12 and 24 h

1134(11%)

795(11%)

  4. Discharged between 24 and 48 h

719(7%)

506(7%)

  5. Discharged between 48 and 72 h

283(3%)

146(2%)

  6. Discharged after > 72 h

617(6%)

374(5%)

10.

 Received 3 PNC in first 7 Days after Delivery

 

  Not Received

9180 (91%)

6485 (91%)

 

  Received 3 PNC in first 7 Days after Delivery

908(9%)

659(%)

11.

 Number of contact with ASHA/ANM/AWW/SHG in last pregnancy

Mean = 4.0 (SD = 5.4)

Mean = 4.23 (SD = 5.4)

12.

 Distance (Kms) to Primary health Centre if not available in the village

Mean = 5.4 (SD = 4.9)

Mean = 5.4 (SD = 4.7)

 

Independent Variables: Sociodemographic/Economic, and Area Level Characteristics

13.

 Distance (Kms) to closest town

Mean = 1.47 (SD = 0.79)

Mean = 1.49 (SD = 0.75)

14.

 Population of Village

Mean = 5153 (SD = 5135)

Mean = 5140 (SD = 5114)

15.

 Household (HH) with Below Poverty Line (BPL) Card

  HH without BPL Card -reference

5590(55%)

3830(54%)

  HH with BPL Card

4498(45%)

3314(46%)

16.

 Household Wealth Quintile (Poor to Poorest)

  1. Marginally Poor

1982(20%)

1498(21%)

  2. Moderately Poor

2046(20%)

1502(21%)

  3. Poor

1992(20%)

1469(20%)

  4. Poorer

2029(20%)

1395(20%)

  5. Poorest

2039(20%)

1280(18%)

17.

 Eligible Woman Presently Working to earn in cash, in kind or both

  Not Working

8427(53%)

5935(83%)

  presently working

1661(16%)

1209(17%)

18.

 Family Type

  Nuclear (reference)

4274 (42%)

2886 (40%)

  Joint and Extended Family

5814 (58%)

4258 (60%)

19.

 Religion

  Muslim (reference)

815 (8%)

601 (8%)

  Hinduism and Others

9273 (92%)

6543 (92%)

20.

 Scheduled Caste

  General Caste

1247 (12%)

873 (12%)

  Other Backward Caste

4358 (43%)

3072 (43%)

  Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe

4483 (45%)

3199 (45%)

21.

 Eligible Woman (EW) Age in completed years

Mean = 25 (SD = 4.56)

Mean = 25 (SD = 4.55)

22.

 Eligible Woman’s (EW’s) Education Level

  No schooling (reference)

3415 (34%)

2347 (33%)

  Completed Primary/Middle School (up to year nine) and above

6673 (66%)

4797 (67%)

23.

 EW’s Husband Education Level

  No schooling (reference)

1731 (17%)

1209 (17%)

  Completed Primary/Middle School (up to year nine) and above

8357 (83%)

5935 (83%)

Dependent Variable

24.

 Eligible Woman’s Knowledge of Maternal Danger sign

10,088 (59%)

7144 (41%)

  No knowledge or partial knowledge (reference)

3164 (31%)

1902 (27%)

  Full Knowledge of Danger signs (in pregnancy/delivery/post-delivery up to 42 days)

6924 (69%)

5242 (73%)

  1. Acronyms: Eligible woman (EW), Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)/Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) Anganwadi worker (AWW)-ASHA/ANM &AWW are Government health workers situated in villages as per population guidelines and provide preventative maternal, child and other health services