Skip to main content

Table 2 Exposure variables for inadequate or excess weight gain in a prospective cohort study

From: Gestational weight gain outside the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations: novel psychological and behavioural factors associated with inadequate or excess weight gain in a prospective cohort study

Selected variables/ exposure

overall p-value

Selected variables/exposure

Reference

Outcome

aOR (95% CI)

p-value for each category

Parity

0.005

     
  

Nulliparous

Multiparous

Inadequate GWG

0.68 (0.44 to 1.06)

0.088

    

Excess GWG

1.33 (0.97 to 1.85)

0.081

Prepregnancy BMI

< 0.001

     
  

Underweight

Normal weight

Inadequate GWG

0.85 (0.30 to 2.42)

0.760

    

Excess GWG

0.35 (0.14 to 0.89)

0.027

  

Overweight

Normal weight

Inadequate GWG

0.47 (0.22 to 1.03)

0.058

    

Excess GWG

2.39 (1.56 to 3.67)

< 0.001

  

Obese

Normal weight

Inadequate GWG

2.35 (1.16 to 4.77)

0.017

    

Excess GWG

1.71 (1.01 to 2.90)

0.047

Planned gestational weight gain

< 0.001

     
  

Not reported

Within guidelines

Inadequate GWG

3.15 (1.36 to 7.27)

0.007

    

Excess GWG

1.57 (0.79 to 3.12)

0.202

  

Below guidelines

Within guidelines

Inadequate GWG

2.16 (1.31 to 3.55)

0.003

    

Excess GWG

1.00 (0.68 to 1.48)

> 0.999

  

Above guidelines

Within guidelines

Inadequate GWG

0.70 (0.35 to 1.40)

0.312

    

Excess GWG

2.19 (1.42 to 3.38)

< 0.001

Preferred body size image before pregnancy

0.013

     
  

Underweight

Normal weight

Inadequate GWG

1.58 (0.94 to 2.65)

0.083

    

Excess GWG

0.91 (0.60 to 1.39)

0.654

  

Overweight/obese

Normal weight

Inadequate GWG

0.26 (0.10 to 0.70)

0.007

    

Excess GWG

0.56 (0.29 to 1.08)

0.086

Anxiety

0.001

     
  

Yes

No

Inadequate GWG

3.65 (1.84 to 7.28)

< 0.001

    

Excess GWG

1.57 (0.87 to 2.84)

0.132

Food cravings related to pregnancy

0.014

     
  

≥ 1 time/day

Never or 1 time/week

Inadequate GWG

0.53 (0.33 to 0.83)

0.006

    

Excess GWG

0.95 (0.69 to 1.32)

0.776

Smoking

0.027

     
  

Before pregnancy

Non-smoker

Inadequate GWG

0.57 (0.27 to 1.20)

0.136

    

Excess GWG

1.61 (0.98 to 2.65)

0.059

  

During pregnancy

Non-smoker

Inadequate GWG

1.34 (0.57 to 3.18)

0.502

    

Excess GWG

1.33 (0.66 to 2.68)

0.420

Frequency of eating in front of a screen

0.001

     
  

Some meals

None or almost no meals

Inadequate GWG

1.03 (0.64 to 1.66)

0.898

    

Excess GWG

1.93 (1.36 to 2.74)

< 0.001

  

Most meals or all

None or almost no meals

Inadequate GWG

1.54 (0.83 to 2.85)

0.176

    

Excess GWG

1.85 (1.13 to 3.02)

0.014

I eat sensibly when with others, but overeat when I’m alone

0.024

     
  

Yes

No

Inadequate GWG

1.62 (1.05 to 2.51)

0.030

    

Excess GWG

1.51 (1.09 to 2.09)

0.013

Agreeableness

0.002

     
  

Continuous variable

–

Inadequate GWG

0.82 (0.66 to 1.01)

0.063

    

Excess GWG

1.18 (1.00 to 1.39)

0.049

  1. BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, GWG gestational weight gain, aOR adjusted odds ratio
Back to article page

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

Contact us