Table 1 Maternal Infant Characteristics. BMI: body mass index; GROW: gestation related optimum weight; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; WHO: World Health Organisation. Composite outcome: birth injury, neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, respiratory distress syndrome, or neonatal intensive care admission. Diabetes complications defined as any retinopathy, neuropathy or nephropathy
Mean (SD) or n (%) n=225 | |
|---|---|
MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS | |
Maternal age, years | 31.4 (4.5) |
BMI at enrolment, kg/m2 | 25.8 (4.6) |
Ethnicity European/ Mediterranean origin | 194 (86.2) |
Primiparous | 89 (39.6) |
Duration of diabetes, years | 16.5 (7.7) |
Diabetes complications | 58 (25.8) |
Hypertension pre-pregnancy | 15 (6.7) |
HbA1c at randomisation mmol/mol | 51.8 (6.6) |
HbA1c at randomisation % | 6.9 (0.6) |
Smoking | 20 (8.9) |
Insulin pump | 110 (48.9) |
INFANT CHARACTERISTICS | |
Sex (% male) | 115 (51.1) |
Gestational age at delivery | 37.0 (1.6) |
BIRTHWEIGHT MEASURES | |
Birthweight g | 3583.6 (705) |
Macrosomia >=4 kg | 59 (26.2) Median (range) |
GROW centile | 82.1 (25.9) 95.2 (0.1–100.0) |
INTERGROWTH centile | 85.7 (20.8) 95.0 (3.9–100.0) |
WHO centile | 63.9 (32.0) 73.6 (0.0–100.0) |
OBSTETRIC AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES | |
Caesarean section | 155 (68.9) |
Preterm delivery | 89 (39.6) |
Neonatal hypoglycaemia requiring intravenous dextrose | 57 (25.3) |
NICU admission | 83 (36.9) |
Hyperbilirubinaemia | 62 (27.6) |
Respiratory distress | 19 (8.4) |
Composite neonatal outcome | 107 (47.6) |