Table 1 Maternal Infant Characteristics. BMI: body mass index; GROW: gestation related optimum weight; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; WHO: World Health Organisation. Composite outcome: birth injury, neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, respiratory distress syndrome, or neonatal intensive care admission. Diabetes complications defined as any retinopathy, neuropathy or nephropathy
|
Mean (SD) or n (%) n=225 | |
|---|---|
| MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS | |
| Maternal age, years | 31.4 (4.5) |
| BMI at enrolment, kg/m2 | 25.8 (4.6) |
| Ethnicity European/ Mediterranean origin | 194 (86.2) |
| Primiparous | 89 (39.6) |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 16.5 (7.7) |
| Diabetes complications | 58 (25.8) |
| Hypertension pre-pregnancy | 15 (6.7) |
| HbA1c at randomisation mmol/mol | 51.8 (6.6) |
| HbA1c at randomisation % | 6.9 (0.6) |
| Smoking | 20 (8.9) |
| Insulin pump | 110 (48.9) |
| INFANT CHARACTERISTICS | |
| Sex (% male) | 115 (51.1) |
| Gestational age at delivery | 37.0 (1.6) |
| BIRTHWEIGHT MEASURES | |
| Birthweight g | 3583.6 (705) |
| Macrosomia >=4 kg | 59 (26.2) Median (range) |
| GROW centile | 82.1 (25.9) 95.2 (0.1–100.0) |
| INTERGROWTH centile | 85.7 (20.8) 95.0 (3.9–100.0) |
| WHO centile | 63.9 (32.0) 73.6 (0.0–100.0) |
| OBSTETRIC AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES | |
| Caesarean section | 155 (68.9) |
| Preterm delivery | 89 (39.6) |
| Neonatal hypoglycaemia requiring intravenous dextrose | 57 (25.3) |
| NICU admission | 83 (36.9) |
| Hyperbilirubinaemia | 62 (27.6) |
| Respiratory distress | 19 (8.4) |
| Composite neonatal outcome | 107 (47.6) |