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Table 3 Barriers according to the social ecological model

From: Perceived barriers to and suggested interventions for physical activity during pregnancy among participants of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in Southern California

 

ESN

ESO

SSN

SSO

Total

Intrapersonal

 Fatigue and lack of energy

2

8

5

5

20

 Pain and swelling

3

8

2

2

15

 Lack of child care

6

0

7

1

14

 Medical restrictions and safety concerns

3

7

1

2

13

 Lack of knowledge about exercise safety

3

3

1

2

9

 Lack of time

0

3

0

2

5

Interpersonal

 Concerns and lack of social support from partners and family members

7

4

2

10

23

 Conflicting advice from friends and neighbors and lack of advice on safe exercise from physicians

2

4

2

2

10

Environmental

 Weather

1

0

0

1

2