Table 1 Characteristics of mothers by alcohol use during pregnancy identified as a risk factor
Variables | Alcohol use | No alcohol use | Overall | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 1569 (1.1) | 140,976 (98.9) | 142,545 | |
Maternal age - mean (SD) | 28.48 (5.7) | 31.38 (5.2) | 31.4 (5.2) | < 0.001** |
Maternal total length of stay (hours) - mean (SD) | 76.8 (156.9) | 61.19 (77.6) | 61.4 (79.0) | < 0.001** |
Number of living children -mean (SD) | 0.83 (1.21) | 0.80 (1.01) | 0.80 (1.01) | 0.28 |
Pregnancy history – n (%) | ||||
Parity = primiparous | 821 (52.3) | 64,676 (45.9) | 65,497 (45.9) | < 0.001** |
Prior neonatal death | 10 (0.6) | 413 (0.3) | 423 (0.3) | 0.024* |
Prior stillbirth | 14 (0.9) | 998 (0.7) | 1012 (0.7) | 0.475 |
Prior low birthweight newborn (< 2500 g) | 18 (1.1) | 2116 (1.5) | 2134 (1.5) | 0.297 |
Major congenital anomalies (past pregnancy) | 12 (0.8) | 892 (0.6) | 904 (0.6) | 0.62 |
History of any mental illness | 699 (44.6) | 30,169 (21.4) | 30,868 (21.7) | < 0.001** |
Current pregnancy | ||||
Number of antenatal visits - mean (SD) | 9.02 (4.1) | 9.44 (3.3) | 9.44 (3.3) | < 0.001** |
Total antenatal hospital admission (prior to delivery) - mean (SD) | 0.15 (0.6) | 0.09 (0.4) | 0.09 (0.4) | < 0.001** |
Bleeding (< 20 weeks) = Yes (%) | 31 (2.0) | 2596 (1.8) | 2627 (1.8) | 0.765 |
Antepartum hemorrhage > 20 weeks = Yes (%) | 11 (0.7) | 1804 (1.3) | 1815 (1.3) | 0.055 |
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) = Yes (%) | 40 (2.5) | 3040 (2.2) | 3080 (2.2) | 0.328 |
Substance use – n (%) | ||||
Any substance use | 533 (34.0) | 6268 (4.4) | 6801 (4.8) | < 0.001** |
Marijuana | 388 (24.7) | 4545 (3.2) | 4933 (3.5) | < 0.001** |
Cocaine | 192 (12.2) | 749 (0.5) | 941 (0.7) | < 0.001** |
Other drug(s) | 104 (6.6) | 629 (0.4) | 733 (0.5) | < 0.001** |
Prescription drugs | 26 (1.7) | 681 (0.5) | 707 (0.5) | < 0.001** |
Methadone | 24 (1.5) | 637 (0.5) | 661 (0.5) | < 0.001** |
Heroin | 44 (2.8) | 594 (0.4) | 638 (0.4) | < 0.001** |
Unspecified drug use | 5 (0.3) | 71 (0.1) | 76 (0.1) | < 0.001** |
Solvents | 0 (0.0) | 13 (0.0) | 13 (0.0) | 1 |
Alcohol use | ||||
Alcohol during pregnancy identified as a risk = Yes (%) | 1569 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1569 (1.1) | < 0.001** |
Number of drinks per weeka - mean (SD) | 3.4 (9.6) | N/A | 3.4 (9.6) | |
Binge drinkinga – n (%) | < 0.001** | |||
Yes | 369 (23.5) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | |
No | 751 (47.9) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | |
Unknown | 449 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | |
N/A | 0 (0.0) | 140,976 (100.0) | 140,976 (100.0) | |
Cigarettes | ||||
Smoking during pregnancy | < 0.001** | |||
Current | 466 (29.7) | 8094 (5.7) | 8560 (6.0) | |
Former | 353 (22.5) | 11,120 (7.9) | 11,473 (8.0) | |
Never (including unknown) | 750 (47.8) | 121,762 (86.4) | 122,512 (85.9) | |
Current number of cigarettes per day - mean (SD) | 7.20 (47.8) | 6.71 (5.1) | 6.73 (5.2) | 0.066 |
Exposure to second-hand smoke = Yes (%) | 7.20 (6.0) | 9466 (6.7) | 9838 (6.9) | < 0.001** |