Unintended pregnancy and maternal health complications: cross-sectional analysis of data from rural Uttar Pradesh, India

Dehingia, Nabamallika; Dixit, Anvita; Atmavilas, Yamini; Chandurkar, Dharmendra; Singh, Kultar; Silverman, Jay; Raj, Anita

doi:10.1186/s12884-020-2848-8

Table 1 Sample characteristics for total sample by pregnancy intent, experiences of pre-eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage and postpartum pre-eclampsia, respectively among women in Uttar Pradesh who gave birth in the past year (N = 3659)

From: Unintended pregnancy and maternal health complications: cross-sectional analysis of data from rural Uttar Pradesh, India

		Total sample	Unintended pregnancy		Pre-eclampsia		Postpartum hemorrhage		Postpartum pre-eclampsia
		(Unwtd N = 3659)	(Unwtd N = 619)		(Unwtd N = 583)		(Unwtd N = 257)		(Unwtd N = 198)
		Wtd%/Mean(SD)	Wtd%/Mean (SD)	p value*	Wtd%/Mean(SD)	p value*	Wtd%/Mean(SD)	p value*	Wtd%/Mean(SD)	p value*
		(n)^a	(n)^a		(n)^a		(n)^a		(n)^a
Maternal age		26.4(4.4)	27.6(4.9)	0.00	26.5 (4.4)	0.70	25.9 (4.1)	0.11	26.4 (4.0)	0.89
Maternal age at marriage	Less than 18 years	29.8	23.1	0.00	14.9	0.18	6.5	0.14	5.8	0.68
	Less than 18 years	1092	240		163		72		55
	Equal or more than 18 years	70.2	15.4		17.1		8.2		5.4
	Equal or more than 18 years	2567	379		420		185		143
Maternal education	Never attended school	48.1	20.4	0.00	16.4	0.69	7.3	0.20	5.2	0.90
	Never attended school	1741	337		281		111		88
	1 5 years in school	15.2	15.1		15.2		6.8		5.5
	1 5 years in school	544	84		84		39		29
	6 9 years in school	15.2	13.2		15.9		7.0		5.8
	6 9 years in school	575	71		90		44		40
	> = 10 years in school	21.5	16.8		18.0		9.8		6.0
	> = 10 years in school	799	126		128		63		41
Husband’s education	Never attended school	24.8	18.6	0.24	15.6	0.78	5.9	0.13	5	0.71
	Never attended school	856	151		133		47		50
	1 5 years in school	13.8	21.1		16.6		6.4		4.2
	1 5 years in school	515	90		80		31		21
	6 9 years in school	27.5	16.9		16.1		7.8		5.8
	6 9 years in school	1013	176		169		77		54
	> = 10 years in school	33.9	16.4		17.5		9.5		6.1
	> = 10 years in school	1275	201		200		101		72
Caste	SC/ST	29.3	20.1	0.17	17.2	0.18	6.6	0.48	5.1	0.35
	SC/ST	1042	207		178		70		60
	OBC	54.9	16.5		15.4		8.1		5.2
	OBC	2021	320		303		145		101
	General	15.8	17.4		19.1		8.2		7.0
	General	596	92		102		42		37
Religion	Muslim	17.2	18.9	0.49			7.6	0.68	5.4	0.48
	Muslim	610	103				212		163
	Non muslim	82.8	17.5				8.2		6.1
	Non muslim	3049	516				45		35
Wealth index	Low	63.5	19.3	0.04	16.4	0.95	7.6	0.93	4.9	0.28
	Low	2261	433		364		161		116
	Medium	27.8	15.4		16.4		8		7.0
	Medium	1056	144		167		77		70
	High	8.7	13.7		17.2		7.4		5.3
	High	342	42		52		19		12
Birth parity	1	28.2	11.3	0.00	17.5	0.44	8.0	0.66	5.9	0.83
	1	1061	117		161		76		57
	2	26.1	16.5		15.0		8.3		5.5
	2	956	131		141		68		51
	3+	44.9	22.2		16.7		7.2		5.2
	3+	1641	370		281		113		90
Singleton birth	Singleton	99.3	17.6	0.02	16.5	0.43	7.7	0.25	5.4	0.25
	Singleton	3630	607		581		255		195
	Multiple births	0.7	38.9		9.4		15.4		17.7
	Multiple births	29	12		2		2		3
Time since birth	Less than or equal to 2 months	24.9	18.3	0.71	17.9	0.17	7.7	0.66	5.8	0.32
	Less than or equal to 2 months	889	153		153		54		47
	More than 2 months and less than 7 months	31.9	18.2		17.4		8.4		6.3
	More than 2 months and less than 7 months	1190	200		188		92		74
	More than 6 months	43.2	17		15.0		7.2		4.8
	More than 6 months	1580	266		242		111		77
Intimate partner violence(IPV)	IPV ever	56.4	16.6	0.57	19.9	0.00	8.5	0.22	6.1	0.19
	IPV ever	2093	811		354		145		109
	No IPV ever	43.6	18.1		12.9		8.9		4.9
	No IPV ever	1566	357		229		112		89
Institutional delivery	Facility delivery	69.3	17.3	0.24	16.0	0.40	7.6	0.68	5.2	0.29
	Facility delivery	2569	262		395		183		140
	Delivery at home	30.7	19.2		17.5		8.1		6.2
	Delivery at home	1090	206		188		74		58
Receipt of minimum four ANC	Received minimum four ANC	12.4	11.7	0	11.6	0.01	4.7	0.02	5.8	0.81
	Received minimum four ANC	473	51		52		23		30
	Not received at least four ANC	87.6	18.6		17.2		8.1		5.5
	Not received at least four ANC	3186	568		100		234		168
Receipt of home visit by ASHA	Received at least one home visit by ASHA	60.3	16.5	0.06	14.0	0.00	6.5	0.01	4.6	0.03
	Received at least one home visit by ASHA	2241	348		313		132		107
	Not received at least one home visit by ASHA	39.7	19.6		20.2		9.5		6.9
	Not received at least one home visit by ASHA	1418	271		270		125		91
Unintended pregnancy	Intended pregnancy	–	–	–	14.4	0.00	7.2	0.03	4.6	0.00
	Intended pregnancy	–	–		437		203		149
	Unintended pregnancy	–	–		26.3		10.3		9.8
	Unintended pregnancy	–	–		146		54		49

^aResults presented are weighted to account for sampling design
*p values assess differences between groups who had an unintended pregnancy and an intended pregnancy, based on chi square analyses for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables

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ISSN: 1471-2393

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