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Table 3 Univariate logistic regression analysis of maternal factors associated with PPH (N = 1833)

From: Maternal and health service predictors of postpartum hemorrhage across 14 district, general and regional hospitals in Thailand

 

n (%)

None PPH

(n = 1613)

PPH

(n = 220)

P-Value

Crude OR

(95% CI)

n

%

n

%

Anemia

 No

1688 (92.1)

1499

92.9

114

7.1

Ref.

 

 Yes

145 (7.9)

189

85.9

31

14.1

0.001

2.16 (1.37, 3.40)

Past history of PPH

 No

1824 (99.5)

1608

88.2

216

11.8

Ref.

 

 Yes

9 (0.5%)

5

55.6

4

44.4

0.01

5.65 (1.42, 22.47)

Perineum lacerations

Intact

377 (20.6)

356

94.4

21

5.6

Ref.

 

First Degree

332 (18.1)

282

84.9

50

15.1

 

1.98 (0.97, 4.05)

Second Degree

1096 (59.8)

958

87.4

138

12.6

 

1.86 (1.01, 3.45)

Third and Fourth degree

28 (1.5)

17

60.7

11

39.3

< 0.001

9.75 (3.25, 29.24)

-Retained placenta**

No

1781 (97.2)

1607

90.2

174

9.8

Ref.

 

Yes

52 (2.8)

6

11.5

46

88.5

< 0.001

52.25 (19.03,143.46)

-Poor ut.contractions**

No

1725 (94.1)

1606

93.1

119

6.9

Ref.

 

Yes

108 (5.9)

7

6.5

101

93.5

< 0.001

172.69 (76.89,387.85)

Baby birth weight

  < 2500 g

109 (5.9)

100

91.7

9

8.3

 

0.87 (0.42, 1.78)

 2500-3500 g

1487 (81.1)

1327

89.2

160

10.8

Ref.

 

  > 3500 g

237 (12.9)

186

78.5

51

21.5

< 0.001

3.05 (1.44, 6.44)

Duration of labor

1st stage of labor

   < 10 h.

1344 (73.3)

1189

88.5

155

11.5

Ref.

 

   > 10 h.

489 (26.7)

424

86.7

65

13.3

0.305

1.09 (0.79, 1.51)

2nd stage of labor

   < 1 h.

1774 (96.8)

1573

88.7

201

11.3

Ref.

 

   > 1 h.

59 (3.2)

40

67.8

19

32.2

< 0.001*

3.56 (1.98, 6.41)

3rd stage of labor

   < 20 min

1760 (96.0)

1575

89.5

185

10.5

Ref.

 

   > 20 min

73 (4.0)

38

52.1

35

47.9

< 0.001*

7.69 (4.72, 12.54)

  1. OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; * = P-values < 0.05, statistical significant at level 0.05, ** = adjusted variables.