From: Socioeconomic risk factors for labour induction in the United Kingdom
 |  | Nulliparous | Multiparous | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | P Value | % | P Value | ||
Maternal Age | 19 years and under | 36.3 | 0.437 | 27.2 | 0.348 |
20–25 years old | 36.1 |  | 27.3 |  | |
26–30 years old | 35.4 |  | 27.7 |  | |
31–35 years old | 37.8 |  | 26.5 |  | |
36 years and older | 38.4 |  | 27.6 |  | |
Maternal Ethnicity | White | 36.8 | 0.090 | 28.2 | 0.053 |
Indian | 34.2 | Â | 25.8 | Â | |
Pakistani/Bangladeshi | 35.4 | Â | 23.3 | Â | |
Black/Black British | 33.5 | Â | 21.2 | Â | |
Other | 31.0 | Â | 20.7 | Â | |
Maternal Marital Status | Legally Married | 36.0 | 0.031 | 26.5 | 0.047 |
Cohabiting | 36.0 | Â | 28.9 | Â | |
Single/Divorced | 38.0 | Â | 28.2 | Â | |
Maternal Education | Higher/first degrees | 34.0 | 0.337 | 20.8 | 0.000 |
Diplomas in higher ed | 36.0 | Â | 28.1 | Â | |
A/O Levels (GSCE A-C) | 37.5 | Â | 28.1 | Â | |
Other (incl. GCSE D-G) | 35.7 | Â | 26.7 | Â | |
None | 37.1 | Â | 29.4 | Â | |
Maternal Occupation | Managerial/professional | 35.5 | 0.054 | 25.0 | 0.020 |
Intermediate | 35.7 | Â | 26.8 | Â | |
Self-employed | 38.6 | Â | 26.3 | Â | |
Lower supervisor | 42.6 | Â | 25.5 | Â | |
Semi-routine/Routine | 37.3 | Â | 28.9 | Â | |
None | 33.9 | Â | 27.6 | Â | |
Income Quintile | Lowest Quintile | 36.4 | 0.534 | 28.9 | 0.000 |
Second Quintile | 38.1 | Â | 28.0 | Â | |
Third Quintile | 36.7 | Â | 27.7 | Â | |
Fourth Quintile | 35.8 | Â | 25.0 | Â | |
Highest Quintile | 35.3 | Â | 23.9 | Â | |
Housing Tenure | Own outright/mortgage | 35.9 | 0.341 | 26.2 | 0.001 |
Rent from LA/HA | 36.4 | Â | 29.1 | Â | |
Rent privately | 36.6 | Â | 27.0 | Â | |
Other (incl. with parents) | 38.6 | Â | 28.9 | Â | |
Electoral Ward Deprivation | England – Advantaged | 34.0 | 0.001 | 23.8 | 0.000 |
England – Disadvantaged | 35.8 |  | 26.4 |  | |
England – Ethnic | 34.3 |  | 22.7 |  | |
Wales – Advantaged | 33.5 |  | 24.9 |  | |
Wales – Disadvantaged | 35.6 |  | 28.8 |  | |
Scotland – Advantaged | 38.9 |  | 29.1 |  | |
Scotland – Disadvantaged | 41.1 |  | 32.0 |  | |
Northern Ireland – Adv | 50.5 |  | 37.7 |  | |
Northern Ireland – Disadv | 39.6 |  | 39.1 |  | |
Smoking Behaviour | Did Not Smoke | 36.5 | 0.569 | 29.6 | 0.253 |
Smoked During Pregnancy | 36.4 | Â | 26.8 | Â | |
Pregnancy Complications | No preg complications | 32.6 | 0.000 | 24.7 | 0.000 |
Complications not associated with induction | 36.5 | Â | 30.1 | Â | |
Complications associated with induction | 50.3 | Â | 34.4 | Â | |
Other | 40.5 | Â | 29.1 | Â | |
Maternal BMI | Low (<18.5) | 33.7 | 0.000 | 26.1 | 0.000 |
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 34.1 |  | 26.1 |  | |
High (≥25.0) | 43.6 |  | 30.2 |  | |
Infant Birth Weight | Low (<2500 g) | 32.1 | 0.000 | 29.6 | 0.000 |
Normal (2500-4000 g) | 35.4 |  | 25.8 |  | |
High (>4000 g) | 50.3 |  | 36.0 |  | |
Infant Gestational Age | 259 days or less | 30.4 | 0.000 | 25.2 | 0.000 |
260–272 days | 31.2 |  | 25.4 |  | |
273–286 days | 27.8 |  | 21.1 |  | |
287–293 days | 53.1 |  | 42.4 |  | |
294 days or more | 72.4 |  | 54.9 |  |