Maternal plasma lipid levels across pregnancy and the risks of small-for-gestational age and low birth weight: a cohort study from rural Gambia

Table 4 Relative risk reduction (RRR) (%) (95%CI) of SGA in association with maternal total, HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides levels at enrolment, 20 and 30 weeks gestation^a

Gestation week	RRR (%) (95% CI)	*p-value*	aRRR (95% CI)^b	*p-value*
Total cholesterol
Enrolment^c	0.13 (−0.24, 0.51)	0.489	0.11 (−0.28, 0.5)	0.576
20 weeks	0.18 (−0.30, 0.65)	0.463	−0.01 (− 0.49, 0.47)	0.975
30 weeks	0.29 (− 0.06, 0.63)	0.101	0.16 (− 0.21, 0.52)	0.395
HDL cholesterol
Enrolment^c	0.05 (−0.83, 0.92)	0.919	0.32 (−0.63, 1.3)	0.507
20 weeks	−0.04 (−1.2, 1.1)	0.947	0.15 (−1.1, 1.3)	0.808
30 weeks	0.02 (−0.93, 0.96)	0.968	−0.08 (−1.01, 0.85)	0.873
LDL cholesterol
Enrolment^c	0.12 (−0.33, 0.57)	0.604	0.00 (−0.45, 0.45)	0.991
20 weeks	0.09 (−0.42, 0.61)	0.723	−0.07 (− 0.60, 0.45)	0.785
30 weeks	0.38 (0.00, 0.76)	0.048	0.26 (−0.13, 0.65)	0.193
Triglycerides
Enrolment^c	0.13 (−0.43, 0.69)	0.640	0.11 (−0.49, 0.69)	0.725
20 weeks	0.33 (−0.25, 0.91)	0.261	0.19 (−0.38, 0.75)	0.514
30 weeks	0.42 (−0.03, 0.87)	0.068	0.32 (−0.14, 0.77)	0.168

^aRelative risk reduction was calculated as % = (1 - RR) × 100. The RR values are presented in additional Table A3
^bBinary regression models were adjusted with enrolment maternal age, parity, hemoglobin concentration, BMI, supplement group, and compliance to supplement during pregnancy, and infant birth sex and birth season
^cMean (SD) gestational age at enrolment was 13.9 (3.3) weeks gestation
Abbreviations: HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, (a)RRR adjusted relative risk reduction, SGA small-for-gestational-age

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