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Table 1 Barriers to male participation in ANC

From: Why do pregnant women in Iringa region in Tanzania start antenatal care late? A qualitative analysis

FGD with female participants

FGD with male participants

Men’s lack of trust. They sometimes believe that their partners have cheated

Multiple sexual relationships which make men doubt their involvement in pregnancy

Lack of knowledge of the importance of ANC

Lack of knowledge/understanding by men on matters pertaining to ANC

Men fear to attend ANC with their partners when they realize that the partners are pregnant within a short period after the last birth, and hence short birth spacing

Men fear to give company to their partners when they have failed to observe optimal birth spacing

Men fear HIV-screening, hence they depend on the results of their partners

Majority of men fear HIV-screening. They normally depend on the results of their partners

Customs and traditions among the Hehe and Bena still do not allow men to go with their partners for ANC

Traditions and customs among the Hehe and Bena still do not allow men to go with their partners for ANC