Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression on factors associated with CD among women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in a health facility in Ghana

 15–19

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 20–24

.4572938

0.81

1.6 (0.5–4.9)

0.673

 25–29

1.493462

2.22

3.5* (1.2–10.5)

0.015

 30–34

1.584549

2.35

3.9* (1.3–11.9)

0.014

 35–39

2.237171

3.47

7.5***(2.4–23.6)

< 0.001

 40–44

1.684761

3.44

7.9***(2.4–25.9)

< 0.001

 45–49

1.088429

3.64

10.5***(3.0–37.4)

< 0.001

 No education

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Primary

−.0980253

−0.44

0.9 (0.5–1.5)

0.674

 Secondary

.2760785

1.07

1.2 (0.9–1.8)

0.279

 Higher

.3377849

1.65

1.5 (0.9–2.3)

0.065

 Not working

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Primary

.0396569

−0.15

1.0 (0.6–1.5)

0.781

 Secondary

.0127996

0.06

1.0 (0.7–1.5)

0.910

 Tertiary

−.0845761

−0.37

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

0.654

 Poorest

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Poorer

−.2160541

−0.9

0.8(0.5–1.3)

0.406

 Middle

−.0459008

−0.17

1.0 (0.6–1.5)

0.897

 Richer

.0817143

0.28

1.1(0.6–1.8)

0.594

 Richest

.4890988

1.62

1.6(0.9–2.8)

0.049

 Rural

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Urban

−.0085122

−0.04

1.0(0.7–1.4)

0.953

 Western

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Central

.0428719

0.23

1.1 (0.7–1.6)

0.812

 Greater Accra

.0644161

0.33

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

0.780

 Volta

−.1135017

−0.51

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

0.625

 Eastern

−.0720176

−0.37

0.9 (0.6–1.5)

0.647

 Ashanti

.0036808

0.02

1.0(0.7–1.6)

0.849

 Brong Ahafo

−.2788066

−1.33

0.7 (0.5–1.2)

0.134

 Northern

−.4362156

−1.81

0.6 (0.3–1.0)

0.074

 Upper East

−.8430196

−2.89

0.4** (0.2–0.7)

0.003

 Upper West

−.6549388

−2.59

0.4** (0.2–0.8)

0.008

 Akan

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Ga/dangme

−.0516319

−0.35

0.9 (0.6–1.5)

0.625

 Ewe

−.2252556

−1.2

0.8 (0.5–1.2)

0.310

 Guan

−.2168793

−1.16

0.6 (0.3–1.4)

0.297

 Mole-dagbani

.3332827

1.36

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

0.162

 Grusi

.027877

0.15

1.0 (0.6–2.0)

0.860

 Gurma

−.0290065

−0.15

0.9 (0.5–1.9)

0.887

 Mande

.0144463

0.08

1.0(0.4–2.6)

0.800

 Other

.0903776

0.68

0.3 (0.6–2.7)

0.446

 1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 2

−.693029

−3.59

0.5***(0.4–0.8)

< 0.001

 3

−.9006956

−4.45

0.4*** (0.3–0.6)

< 0.001

 4+

−1.505626

−5.42

0.3***(0.2–0.5)

< 0.001

 0

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 1–3

−.2792714

−0.55

0.6 (0.1–3.1)

0.599

 4+

−.0799195

−0.16

0.9 (0.2–3.8)

0.878

 Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Female

−.3017619

−1.99

0.8* (0.6–0.9)

0.041

 Small

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Average

−.3214023

−1.9

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.055

 Large

.1791053

1.14

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

0.248

 Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Female

.2883202

1.97

1.3* (1.1–1.7)

0.027

 N

2742

 Pseudo R-sq

0.1