Table 1 Determinants influencing lifestyle behavior in the different levels of the socio-ecological model
Level | Determinant | Examples |
|---|---|---|
Intrapersonal | Motivation to change | Threat of disease |
Patients’ feelings of guilt and sense of responsibility | ||
Perception of improvement when performing prevention activities | ||
Knowledge and skills | Knowledge on risk factors and what is healthy | |
Knowledge on sources of guidance and advice | ||
Self-concept | Self-esteem | |
Self-confidence | ||
Patients’ beliefs and attitudes | Prevention is not patients’ responsibility | |
Faith in the effectiveness of prevention strategies | ||
Fear of side effects of prevention activities | ||
Resources | (Lack of) financial resources | |
Interpersonal | Family and friends | Social and peer support |
Having a dog as a pet stimulates physical activity | ||
Institutional | Health care professionals | (Lack of) trust in health care provider |
Judgmental approach | ||
Professionals’ lack of time | ||
System interests | Health care providers do not promote prevention activities | |
Environment and society | Built environment | Possibility of physical activity in the direct neighborhood, e.g. bike lanes, parks or pedestrian paths |
Cultural influence | Dietary traditions | |
Social norms | ||
Impact of (social) media | ||
Socio-economic impact | (Lack of) balance between work and personal life |