| Descriptive measurements |
| Age (years) | 34.4 (4.4) | 33.3 (4.6) | 0.1 |
| Gestational age at examination (weeks) | 28.7 (1.4) | 28.4 (1.1) | 0.1 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 118 (11.2) | 111 (10.6) | 0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71 (8.1) | 67 (8.5) | 0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 168.6 (6.6) | 169.7 (5.6) | 0.2 |
| Weight (kg) | 91.8 (14.1) | 87.3 (14.6) | 0.06 |
| Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) (n = 190) | 83.5 (16.0) (n = 43) | 78.5 (15.2) (n = 145) | 0.06 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI kg/m2(n = 189) | 29.3 (5.6) (n = 43) | 27.1 (4.8) (n = 144) | 0.02 |
| Weight gain (kg) (n = 188) | 7.4 (4.7) (n = 43) | 8.8 (7.5) (n = 145) | 0.3 |
| Biochemistry at 75 g OGTT |
| Plasma glucose at time 0 min (mmol/L) | 5.2 (0.4) | 4.6 (0.2) | 5.8 × 10−31 |
| Plasma gucose at time 30 min (mmol/L) | 8.1 (1.0) | 6.9 (0.9) | 2.7 × 10−12 |
| Plasma glucose at time 60 min (mmol/L) | 8.9 (1.3) | 7.1 (1.2) | 1.9 × 10− 15 |
| Plasma glucose at time 120 min (mmol/L) | 7.9 (1.4) | 6.2 (1.0) | 5.0 × 10−17 |
| Plasma insulin at time 0 min (pmol/L) | 112.1 (41) | 82.7 (40) | 3.3 × 10−5 |
| Plasma insulin at time 30 min (pmol/L)a | 509 (228) | 513 (349) | 0.7 |
| Plasma insulin at time 60 min (pmol/L)a | 743 (476) | 569 (448) | 0.058 |
| Plasma insulin at time 120 min (pmol/L)a | 769 (640) | 479 (320) | 6.3 × 10− 6 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 34.0 (3.1) | 33.0 (2.8) | 0.02 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.1 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.3 × 10− 6 |
| Matsuda index | 3.5 (1.5) | 5.3 (1.6) | 3.0 × 10− 8 |
| Disposition index | 4.1 (1.6) | 7.8 (1.6) | 9.2 × 10− 12 |
| Insulinogenic Index | 1.2 (1.6) | 1.5 (1.6) | 0.004 |
| Plasma hsCRP (mg/L) | 4.4 (1.9) | 3.8 (2.2) | 0.2 |
