| Reference group | Intermediate intervala | Prolonged intervalb |  | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | Â | |
Number of births | 494,881 | (100) | 34,759 | (100) | 30,332 | (100) | P-value |
Maternal agee | |||||||
  < 19 | 11,681 | (2.4) | 784 | (2.3) | 623 | (2.1) |  |
 20–34 | 401,202 | (81) | 28,727 | (83) | 24,609 | (81) |  |
  > 35 | 81,977 | (17) | 5245 | (15) | 5097 | (17) | 0.55c |
Parity | |||||||
 Para 0 | 185,723 | (38) | 21,827 | (63) | 19,257 | (64) |  |
  > 0 Para | 309,158 | (63) | 12,932 | (37) | 11,075 | (37) | < 0.001c |
Any maternal diagnosis before pregnancy | 204,310 | (41) | 14,545 | (42) | 13,391 | (44) | < 0.001c |
Any maternal diagnosis during pregnancy | 145,583 | (29) | 9959 | (29) | 8889 | (29) | 0.096c |
Diabetes mellitusf | |||||||
 Diagnosed before pregnancy | 2671 | (0.5) | 221 | (0.6) | 164 | (0.5) |  |
 Gestational | 4462 | (0.9) | 375 | (1.1) | 285 | (0.9) | 0.007d |
Thyroid disease | 6888 | (1.4) | 495 | (1.4) | 465 | (1.5) | 0.046c |
Recurrent urinary tract infection | 15,458 | (3.1) | 1173 | (3.4) | 1105 | (3.6) | < 0.001c |
Chronic kidney disease | 2707 | (0.5) | 178 | (0.5) | 160 | (0.5) | 0.45c |
In vitro fertilizationg | 6904 | (1.4) | 706 | (2.0) | 675 | (2.2) | < 0.001c |
Presentationh | |||||||
 Cephalic | 454,795 | (93) | 31,640 | (91) | 27,636 | (92) |  |
 Non-cephalic | 36,624 | (8) | 2960 | (9) | 2489 | (9) | < 0.001c |
Induction | 42,894 | (9) | 4139 | (12) | 10,065 | (33) | < 0.001c |
Caesarean sectioni | |||||||
 Elective | 29,941 | (6) | 58 | (0.2) | 175 | (0.6) |  |
 Acute | 33,704 | (7) | 4487 | (13) | 4427 | (15) |  |
 No | 430,475 | (87) | 30,179 | (87) | 25,684 | (85) | < 0.001d |
Sex | |||||||
 Male | 251,018 | (51) | 18,348 | (53) | 15,876 | (52) |  |
 Female | 243,863 | (49) | 16,411 | (47) | 14,456 | (48) | < 0.001c |
Small for gestational age | 7140 | (1.4) | 367 | (1.1) | 407 | (1.3) | < 0.001c |
Apgar at 5 minutesj | |||||||
 0–3 | 1493 | (0.3) | 126 | (0.4) | 95 | (0.3) |  |
 4–6 | 3103 | (0.6) | 404 | (1.2) | 384 | (1.3) |  |
 7–10 | 489,117 | (99) | 34,190 | (99) | 29,815 | (98) | < 0.001c |