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Table 4 Multiple logistic regression analysis of knowledge and other factors associated with self-medication during pregnancy

From: Self-medication and knowledge among pregnant women attending primary healthcare services in Malang, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Knowledge of OTC medication (all statements)

 Knowledge total score

1.12 (0.99–1.26)

1.16 (1.02–1.33)*

Overall knowledge

 Lower

1.00

1.00

 Higher

1.79 (0.91–3.50)

2.15 (1.03–4.46)*

Knowledge regarding OTC medication with important statements

 Knowledge about the need to consult any healthcare provider

  Incorrect

1.00

1.00

  Correct

3.26 (0.76–14.00)

5.07 (1.11–23.2)*

 Knowledge about possible risk from taking OTC medication during pregnancy

  Incorrect

1.00

1.00

  Correct

0.35 (0.18–0.70)**

0.29 (0.14–0.60)**

Socio-demographic characteristic

 Age

  16–27

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  28–45

1.57 (0.80–3.07)

2.20 (1.05–4.57)*

2.18 (1.05–4.53)*

2.14 (1.01–4.50)*

  1. OTC over-the-counter, cOR crude odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confident interval
  2. aCrude Model
  3. bModel 2 included knowledge total scores and all adjusting variables of socio-demographic characteristics (age, gestational age, education, occupation, residence, and household income), self-perceived health status, and check drug’s leaflet
  4. cModel 3 included overall knowledge (lower vs. higher) and all adjusting variables listed in Model 2
  5. dModel 4 included two knowledge statements of “the need to consult any healthcare provider” and “possible risk from taking OTC medication during pregnancy” and all adjusting variables listed in Model 2
  6. p value * < 0.05; ** < 0.01