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Table 2 Knowledge of OTC medication

From: Self-medication and knowledge among pregnant women attending primary healthcare services in Malang, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Statements

Total (n = 333)

n (%)

Self-medication

 

Yes

n (%)

No

n (%)

p valuea

OTC medications are primarily used to treat condition that do not need direct supervision from doctors

   

0.471

 Correct

187 (56.2)

24 (61.5)

163 (55.4)

 

 Incorrect

146 (43.8)

15 (38.5)

131 (44.6)

 

OTC medication is used for treating minor illness/minor injuries

   

0.057

 Correct

229 (68.8)

32 (82.1)

197 (67.0)

 

 Incorrect

104 (31.2)

7 (17.9)

97 (33.0)

 

Antibiotic is one of OTC medication

   

0.509

 Correct

96 (28.8)

13 (33.3)

83 (28.2)

 

 Incorrect

237 (71.2)

26 (66.7)

211 (71.8)

 

Vitamin is one of OTC medication

   

0.003

 Correct

191(57.4)

31 (79.5)

160 (54.4)

 

 Incorrect

142 (42.6)

8 (20.5)

134 (45.6)

 

The decision for using OTC medication is primarily made by consumers

   

0.162

 Correct

205 (61.6)

28 (71.8)

177 (60.2)

 

 Incorrect

128 (38.4)

11 (28.2)

117 (39.8)

 

You can buy OTC medication without a prescription from a doctor

   

0.333

 Correct

234 (70.3)

30 (76.9)

204 (69.4)

 

 Incorrect

99 (29.7)

9 (23.1)

90 (30.6)

 

You can buy OTC medication only in a Pharmacy

   

0.900

 Correct

114 (34.2)

13 (33.3)

101 (34.4)

 

 Incorrect

219 (65.8)

26 (66.7)

193 (65.6)

 

You need to consult with healthcare provider before or when taking OTC medication during pregnancy

   

0.094

 Correct

287 (86.2)

37 (94.9)

250 (85)

 

 Incorrect

46 (13.8)

2 (5.1)

44 (15)

 

The most dangerous time during pregnancy for consuming OTC medication is the first trimester

   

0.408

 Correct

193 (58.0)

25 (64.1)

168 (57.1)

 

 Incorrect

140 (42.0)

14 (35.9)

126 (42.9)

 

While taking OTC medication there is possible risk that OTC drugs can affect the baby

   

0.002

 Correct

211 (63.4)

16 (41.0)

195 (66.3)

 

 Incorrect

122 (36.6)

23 (59.0)

99 (33.7)

 

OTC medication can be in the dosage form of oral medication

   

< 0.001

 Correct

215 (64.6)

36 (92.3)

179 (60.9)

 

 Incorrect

118 (35.4)

3 (7.7)

115 (39.1)

 

OTC medication can be in the dosage form of topical medication

   

0.057

 Correct

143 (42.9)

19 (48.7)

124 (42.2)

 

 Incorrect

190 (57.1)

20 (51.3)

170 (57.8)

 

Knowledge total score (Mean;SD)

7.0 (3.1)

7.8 (2.6)

6.8 (3.2)

0.070b

Overall knowledge in binary outcome

   

0.087

 Lower

212 (63.7)

20 (51.3)

192 (65.3)

 

 Higher

121 (36.3)

19 (48.7)

102 (34.7)

 
  1. ap value from chi square tests
  2. bp value from student’s t-test
  3. Bold p value means significant (i.e., p < 0.05)