Table 1 Maternal, pregnancy, fetal and neonatal characteristics of case and control pregnancies with statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) bolded
Control pregnancies N = 354a | Case pregnancies N = 185a | ||
|---|---|---|---|
n (%) or Median (IQR) | n (%) or Median (IQR) | Adjusted OR (CI)b | |
Maternal Age (years) | 23 (19—29) | 25 (20–30) | – |
Nulliparity | 132/344 (38.4%) | 62/179 (34.6%) | 1.1 (0.7–1.1) |
More than 3 prior births | 277/344 (80.5%) | 116/179 (64.8%) | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) |
Prior cesarean | 8/348 (2.3%) | 4 (2.2%) | 1.3 (0.4–4.7) |
HIV | 26/342 (7.6%) | 9/176 (5.1%) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) |
Twin pregnancy | 5 (1.4%) | 19 (10.3%) | 4.0 (1.1–13.9) |
Preeclampsia | 2/343 (0.6%) | 0/179 (0%) | – |
Antepartum hemorrhage | 4/343 (1.2%) | 8/179 (4.5%) | 3.2 (0.9–12.2) |
Infection | 7/343 (2.0%) | 7/179 (3.9%) | 2.5 (0.8–7.7) |
Breech | 2/348 (0.6%) | 8 (4.3%) | 7.0 (1.4–35.5) |
Cord prolapse | 0/343 (0%) | 7/179 (3.9%) | – |
Normal labor | 317/343 (92.4%) | 97/179 (54.2%) | 0.1 (0.1—0.2) |
Cesarean delivery | 35/347 (10.0%) | 46/182 (25.3%) | 3.8 (2.3–6.4) |
Prematurity | 5/348 (1.4%) | 40/179 (22.2%) | 18.9 (7.2–49.2) |
Birth weight (kilograms, kg)c | 3.1 (2.7—3.3) | 2.8 (1.7–3.2) | – |
Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg)c | 21/338 (3.7%) | 56 (37.3%) | 2.5 (1.1–5.3) |