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Table 1 Socio-demographics and infant characteristics and caregiver mental health measure scores

From: Maternal post-traumatic stress and depression symptoms and outcomes after NICU discharge in a low-income sample: a cross-sectional study

 

Perinatal Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) (N = 139)

N (%)

Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) (N = 152)

N (%)

Total

Positive

Negative

P-value

Total

Positive

Negative

P-value

Socio-demographics

 

46 (33)

93 (67)

  

51 (34)

99 (66)

 

 Person completing survey

  Mother

139

46 (100)

93 (100)

N/A

141

50 (98.0)

91 (91.9)

0.17

  Father

    

9

1 (2.0)

8 (8.1)

 

 Race/ethnicity

  White non-Hispanic

10

1 (2.3)

8 (8.7)

0.32

10

2 (3.9)

8 (8.3)

0.07

  Hispanic

102

35 (79.6)

67 (72.8)

 

109

41 (80.4)

68 (70.1)

 

  Black non-Hispanic

14

6 (13.6)

8 (8.7)

 

14

1 (2.0)

13 (13.4)

 

  Other

11

2 (4.6)

9 (9.8)

 

15

7 (13.7)

8 (8.3)

 

 Income ($/Year)

  Less than $20,000

82

32 (69.6)

50 (53.8)

0.34

88

36 (69.2)

52 (52.0)

0.35

  $20,001–$40,000

31

9 (19.6)

22 (23.7)

 

35

9 (17.3)

26 (26.0)

 

  $40,001–$60,000

11

1 (2.2)

10 (10.8)

 

14

4 (7.7)

10 (10.0)

 

  $60,001–$80,000

8

2 (4.4)

6 (6.5)

 

7

2 (3.9)

5 (5.0)

 

  More than $80,000

7

2 (4.4)

5 (5.4)

 

8

1 (1.9)

7 (7.0)

 

 Highest level of education (either parent)

  ≤ High school

45

13 (35.1)

32 (38.1)

0.75

48

19 (41.3)

29 (33.3)

0.36

  At least some college

76

24 (64.9)

52 (61.9)

 

85

27 (58.7)

58 (66.7)

 

 Language

  Non-English

93

33 (71.7)

60 (64.5)

0.39

101

39 (76.5)

62 (62.6)

0.09

  English

46

13 (28.3)

33 (35.5)

 

49

12 (23.5)

37 (37.4)

 

Infant characteristics

 Birthweight (grams)

  < 500 to < 1000

58

19 (45.2)

39 (59.1)

0.53

62

21 (53.8)

41 (53.3)

0.78

  ≥ 1000 to < 1500

27

12 (28.6)

15 (22.7)

 

31

11 (28.2)

20 (26.0)

 

  ≥ 1500 to < 2500

16

8 (19.1)

8 (12.1)

 

16

6 (15.4)

10 (13.0)

 

  ≥ 2500

7

3 (7.1)

4 (6.1)

 

7

1 (2.6)

6 (7.7)

 

 Gestational age (weeks)

  < 24 to < 28

52

16 (34.8)

36 (51.4)

0.19

56

20 (48.9)

36 (43.4)

0.66

  ≥ 28 to < 32

45

21 (45.7)

24 (34.3)

 

48

17 (41.5)

31 (37.4)

 

  ≥ 32 to < 34

12

7 (15.2)

5 (7.1)

 

13

3 (7.3)

10 (12.1)

 

  ≥ 34 to <37

7

2 (4.4)

5 (7.1)

 

7

1 (2.4)

6 (7.2)

 

 Neonatal co-morbiditiesa

  Yes

94

36 (78.3)

58 (62.4)

0.06

102

35 (67.3)

67 (67.0)

0.97

  No

45

10 (21.7)

35 (37.6)

 

50

17 (32.7)

33 (33.0)

 

 Use of medical equipmentb

  Yes

43

15 (32.6)

28 (30.1)

0.76

46

12 (23.1)

34 (34.0)

0.16

  No

96

31 (67.4)

65 (69.9)

 

106

40 (76.9)

66 (66.0)

 

 ≥ 2 clinic appointments/month

  Yes

102

34 (73.9)

68 (73.1)

0.92

115

37 (71.2)

78 (78.0)

0.35

  No

37

12 (26.1)

25 (26.9)

 

37

15 (28.8)

22 (22.0)

 

 Post discharge diagnosesc

  Yes

100

37 (80.4)

63 (90.0)

0.14

107

37 (90.2)

70 (84.3)

0.42

  No

16

9 (19.6)

7 (10.0)

 

17

4 (9.8)

13 (15.7)

 
  1. Characteristics of neonates are shown as mean (standard deviation) for PPQ-14 and N (%) for PHQ-2 scores. P-values derived using t-test (for 2 group comparison) and ANOVA test (for multi-group comparison) for continuous variables, and chi-square and fisher’s exact test for categorical variables
  2. aNeonatal co-morbidities include at least one diagnosis of: fetal growth restriction, surfactant deficiency, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity
  3. bUse of medical equipment includes: oxygen, tracheostomy, wheelchair, adaptive stroller, feeding tube
  4. cPost discharge diagnoses include at least one diagnosis of: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, global developmental delay, cerebral palsy
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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