Association of gestational weight gain with cesarean section: a prospective birth cohort study in Southwest China

Table 2 Associations of gestational weight gain categorized by the IOM recommendation with cesarean section (vaginal delivery as a reference)^a

IOM recommendation	Overall	Stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI				Stratified by GDM
IOM recommendation	Overall	Under	Normal	Over	\({\varvec{\chi }}^{2}\)/P^#	GDM	Non-GDM	\({\varvec{\chi }}^{2}\)/P^#
Below	0.63 (0.47, 0.84)	0.84 (0.36, 1.99)	0.64 (0.46, 0.89)	0.29 (0.09, 0.89)	128.5, < 0.001	0.60 (0.39, 0.95)	0.65 (0.43, 0.98)	11.5, 0.010
Within	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Above	1.42 (1.06, 1.88)	2.67 (0.98, 7.26)	1.36 (0.98, 1.90)	1.69 (0.66, 4.31)		1.10 (0.63, 1.94)	1.58 (1.12, 2.22)

^aThe associations of GWG with CS were measured by the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and estimated by nonconditional multivariate logistic regression by controlling for maternal age, gravidity, parity, ethnicity, educational level, employment, personal income, smoking, drinking, physical activity, energy intake, anxiety, depression, sleeping status, pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM. For the stratified analysis, BMI and GMD were then excluded from the confounding set accordingly
^#We ran a heterogeneity test based on multivariate meta-analysis to test whether the estimated OR in different strata differed significantly, or whether the observed differences could be attributable to random variation

ISSN: 1471-2393