Table 3 Unadjusted multivariate binary logistic regression identifying significant risk factors of excessive compared to normal GWG

 Female

ref

 Male

.575

.79

.36, 1.78

Gestational age (weeks)

.431

1.27

.70, 2.31

 Underweight

1.000

.00

.00, .00

 Normal

ref

 Overweight

<.001

4.78

2.01, 11.34

 Obese

.004

8.76

2.00, 38.39

Maternal age at booking

.170

1.07

.97, 1.19

 Multiparous

ref

 Nulliparous

.266

1.77

.65, 4.85

 Left before GCSE

.262

.29

.04, 2.49

 GCSE & Vocational

.746

1.21

.38, 3.86

 A-level

.132

3.25

.70, 15.12

 University

ref

 Postgraduate

.832

.91

.37, 2.24

 < 18,000

.264

.34

.05, 2.27

 18–25,000

.332

2.66

.37, 19.19

 25–43,000

.125

.42

.14, 1.27

 > 43,000

ref

 Do not wish to say

.360

.53

.13, 2.08

WIMD score

.802

1.00

1.00, 1.00

 No

Ref

 Yes

.231

.37

.07, 1.89

 No

Ref

 Yes

.007

.33

.15, .74

 No

Ref

 Yes

.621

1.28

.49, 3.34

Western dietary pattern

.125

1.40

.91, 2.16

Health conscious dietary pattern

.475

1.19

.74, 1.89

Term EPDS score

.033

1.15

1.01, 1.31

Term STAI score

.229

.96

.89, 1.03