Respectful maternal and newborn care: measurement in one EN-BIRTH study hospital in Nepal

Table 5 Predictors for reporting of non-respectful care^a during childbirth, EN-BIRTH study (n = 4296)

	Uni-variate linear regression				Multi-variate linear regression
	β	SE	t- value	p-value	β	SE	t- value	p-value
Global intercept	–	–	–	–	0.014	0.08	0.171	0.864
Woman’s age
Intercept	−0.039	0.018	−2.211	0.027	0.33	0.049	6.794
< 20 yrs	0.173	0.046	3.785	< 0.0001	0.022	0.055	0.395	0.693
20–29 yrs	Reference				Reference
≥ 30 yrs	0.123	0.045	2.726	0.006	0.117	0.047	2.507	0.012
Ethnicity
Intercept	−0.031	0.022	−1.412	0.158
Dalit	0.061	0.039	1.562	0.118	0.051	0.039	1.326	0.185
Janjati	0.112	0.038	2.958	0.003	0.083	0.037	2.213	0.027
Madeshi	−0.369	0.168	−2.2	0.028	−0.344	0.165	−2.082	0.037
Muslim	0.244	0.154	1.591	0.112	0.229	0.152	1.512	0.131
Chettri/Brahmin	Reference				Reference
Other	−0.29	0.088	−3.299	0.001	−0.287	0.087	−3.311	0.001
Mode of birth
Intercept	0.366	0.04	9.066	< 0.0001
Vaginal birth (spontaneous, vacuum, forceps)	Reference				Reference
Caesarean birth	−0.425	0.043	−9.777	< 0.0001	−0.402	0.044	−9.228	< 0.0001
Parity
Intercept	−0.014	0.023	−0.626	0.532
No previous births	0.242	0.046	5.251	< 0.0001	0.228	0.053	4.321	< 0.0001
1 previous birth	Reference				Reference
2 or more previous births	−0.051	0.033	−1.536	0.125	− 0.083	0.035	−2.402	0.016
Sex
Intercept	0.02	0.021	0.993	0.321
Male	−0.045	0.031	−1.476	0.14	−0.053	0.03	−1.742	0.082
Female	Reference				Reference

Ethnic groups with socio-economic advantages include: Chettri/Brahmin and other; disadvantaged ethnic groups include Dalit, Janjati, Madeshi, Muslim
β= beta coefficient, SE= standard error
^aNon-respectful care defined as the health service having not met religious and cultural birthing practice needs (n = 3252), and that the woman was not satisfied with privacy during her stay at the hospital (n = 3622)