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Table 3 Correlations between different SES, minority and immigration status indicators

From: Neighbourhood maternal socioeconomic status indicators and risk of congenital heart disease

 

Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficienta p value

 

Median household income after tax

Median household income before tax

Household Median income after tax adjusted by household size

Median household income before tax adjusted by household size

Percentage of all people with low income

Percentage of children aged 0-17 with low income

Percentage of children aged 0-5 with low income

Percentage of people aged 25-64 without a high school diploma

Percentage of people aged 25-64 with a university degree or higher

Percentage of unemployment among aged 15 or over

Percentage of employment among aged 15 or over

Percentage of minorities

Percentage of Immigrant

Population density per kilometer

Median household income after tax

1

0.98

0.68

0.71

-0.79

-0.72

-0.63

-0.48

0.40

-0.38

0.53

0.04

0.05

-0.20

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Median household income before tax

0.98

1

0.71

0.74

-0.80

-0.73

-0.64

-0.51

0.42

-0.39

0.54

0.02

0.04

-0.20

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Median household income after tax adjusted by household size

0.68

0.71

1

0.98

-0.73

-0.70

-0.64

-0.64

0.39

-0.45

0.46

-0.30

-0.27

-0.28

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Median household income before tax adjusted by household size

0.71

0.74

0.98

1

-0.74

-0.71

-0.65

-0.64

0.40

-0.46

0.48

-0.28

-0.25

-0.28

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Percentage of all people with low income

-0.79

-0.80

-0.73

-0.74

1

0.88

0.75

0.42

-0.16

0.44

-0.46

0.27

0.24

0.34

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Percentage of children aged 0-17 with low income

-0.72

-0.73

-0.70

-0.71

0.88

1

0.79

0.42

-0.19

0.44

-0.45

0.29

0.25

0.33

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Percentage of children aged 0-5 with low income

-0.63

-0.64

-0.64

-0.65

0.75

0.79

1

0.41

-0.22

0.40

-0.41

0.23

0.19

0.26

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Percentage of people aged 25-64 without a high school diploma

-0.48

-0.51

-0.64

-0.64

0.42

0.42

0.41

1

-0.64

0.27

-0.39

-0.03

-0.03

0.01

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Percentage of people aged 25-64 with a university degree or higher

0.40

0.42

0.39

0.40

-0.16

-0.19

-0.22

-0.64

1

-0.10

0.28

0.47

0.48

0.31

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Percentage of unemployment among aged 15 or older

-0.38

-0.39

-0.45

-0.46

0.44

0.44

0.40

0.27

-0.10

1

-0.48

0.25

0.21

0.25

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Percentage of employment among aged 15 or older

0.53

0.54

0.46

0.48

-0.46

-0.45

-0.41

-0.39

0.28

-0.48

1

-0.01

-0.06

-0.07

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

Percentage of minorities

0.04

0.02

-0.30

-0.28

0.27

0.29

0.23

-0.03

0.47

0.25

-0.01

1

0.89

0.59

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

<.0001

Percentage of Immigrants

0.05

0.04

-0.27

-0.25

0.24

0.25

0.19

-0.03

0.48

0.21

-0.06

0.89

1

0.57

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 

<.0001

Population density per kilometer

-0.20

-0.20

-0.28

-0.28

0.34

0.33

0.26

0.01

0.31

0.25

-0.07

0.59

0.57

1

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

 
  1. aIn total, 4% of data was missing and excluded from this analysis