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Table 1 Comparison of clinical and nutritional outcomes of VLBW preterm infants between different ACS courses

From: Single-course antenatal corticosteroids is related to faster growth in very-low-birth-weight infant

Variable

GA < 28 weeks (n = 66)

 

28 weeks ≤ GA < 32 weeks (n = 591)

 

32 weeks ≤ GA < 37 weeks (n = 184)

 

Non-ACS (n = 39)

Single- course ACS (n = 11)

Repeated course ACS (n = 16)

P

Non-ACS (n = 315)

Single- course ACS (n = 111)

Repeated course ACS (n = 165)

P

Non-ACS (n = 102)

Single- course ACS (n = 40)

Repeated course ACS (n = 42)

P

Cesarean section

7(17.9)

3(27.3)

4(25.0)

0.731

167(53.0) a

50(54.5) a

116(70.3) b↑

< 0.001*

80(78.4)

30(75.0)

36(85.7)

0.460

Male

26(66.7)

8(72.7)

12(75.0)

0.804

211(67.0)

69(62.2)

99(60.0)

0.100

39(38.2)

17(42.5)

18(42.9)

0.829

Birthweight, g

1070(1000–1180)

1010(960–1055)

1000(855–1082)

0.085

1290(1150–1400)

1300(1200–1400)

1300(1150–1385)

0.174

1385(1258–1440.)

1345 (1250–1457)

1375(1278–1441)

0.420

5 min APGAR> 7

39(88.6)

13(92.9)

17(77.3)

0.697

283(89.8)

106(95.5)

155(93.9)

0.073

96(94.1)

39(97.5)

42(100.0)

0.187

Intubation ventilation, days

7(0–17)

2(0–6)

4(0–23)

0.346

2 (0–5) a

0(0–2) b↓

0(0–4) b↓

< 0.001*

0(0–0)

0(0–1)

0(0–0)

0.016*

Non-invasive ventilation, days

4(1–20)

6(2–19)

6(1–13)

0.860

3(0–6)

2 (0–6)

3(0–6)

0.276

0(0–2)

1(0–3)

1(0–3)

0.379

NEC

3(7.7)

1(9.1)

1(6.3)

0.927

18(5.7)

5(4.5)

6(3.6)

0.592

5(4.9)

3(7.5)

0(0.0)

0.177

Death

0(0.0)

2(18.2)

2(12.5)

0.038*

16(5.1)

6(5.4)

8(4.8)

0.974

4(3.9)

2(5.0)

0(0.0)

0.300

Amino acid introduction, DOL

1(0–1)

0(0–1)

1(1–1)

0.078

1(1–1) a

1(0–1) b↓

1(0–1) ab

0.001*

1(1–1)

1(0–1)

1(0–1)

0.997

Duration of amino acid, days

41(28–52)

37(12–43)

35(19–60)

0.425

28(19–38)

26(19–37)

28(20–38)

0.702

19(11–26)

20(12–25)

20(15–29)

0.442

Lipid introduction, DOL

2(1–6)

2(1–3)

2(1–7)

0.423

2(1–4)

2(1–3)

2(1–3)

0.041*

2(1–4)

2(1–4)

1(1–5)

0.961

Duration of lipid, days

29(19–43)

27(7–38)

26(12–58)

0.552

23(14–34)

21(13–31)

23(15–31)

0.405

14(9–21)

17(12–23)

17(10–23)

0.013*

Feeding pattern

   

0.019*

   

0.001*

   

0.249

Complete breastfeeding

0(0.0) a

2(18.2)b↑

0(0.0) ab

 

8(2.5)

5(4.5)

8(4.8)

 

4(3.9)

3(7.5)

4(9.5)

 

Mixed feeding

3(7.7)

1(9.1)

0(0.0)

 

13(4.1) a

10(9.0) ab

29(17.6) b↑

 

5(4.9)

4(10.0)

6(14.3)

 

Formula feeding

36(92.3)

8(72.7)

16(100.0)

 

294(93.3) a

96(86.5) ab

128(77.6) b↓

 

93(91.2)

33(82.5)

32(76.2)

 

Start enteral nutrition, DOL

4(2–7)

2(2–6)

5(3–9)

0.071

4.0(2.0–5.0) a

2.0(2.0–4.0)b↓

3.0(2.0–5.0)ab

< 0.001*

3.0(2.0–5.0)

2.0(2.0–3.0)

2.0(1.0–4.0)

0.471

Enteral feeding volumes of 150 mL·kg-1·d-1, DOL

44(32–58)

42(39–56)

44 (23–54)

0.828

35(25–46)

31 (24–43)

35 (24–46)

0.085

21(13–26)

21(15–28)

25(18–30)

0.840

  1. VLBW, very-low-birth-weight; ACS, Antenatal corticosteroids; GA, gestational age; DOL, day of life; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis
  2. Data are median (interquartile range) or n (%) unless otherwise specified
  3. Data are analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H test or χ 2 test. Mann-Whitney test is used for post hoc analysis. * P < 0.05. abpost hoc analysis
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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