Variable | Null model | Model 1 (individual level factors) | Model 2 (Community level factors) | Model 4 (model with individual and community level factors) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex of neonate | ||||
 Male |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Female |  | 0.67 [0.47, 0.94] |  | 0.67 [0.47, 0.94]a |
Wealth index | ||||
 Rich |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Middle |  | 1.11 [0.44, 2.80] |  | 0.87 [0.33, 2.27] |
 Poor |  | 1.73 [0.91, 3.27] |  | 1.22 [0.58, 2.55] |
Birth order | ||||
 First birth |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 2–4 |  | 0.55 [0.28, 1.07] |  | 0.62 [0.32, 1.21] |
  ≥ 5 |  | 0.73 [0.36, 1.48] |  | 0.82 [0.40, 1.66] |
Type of birth | ||||
 Single |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Twin |  | 7.14 [3.84, 13.29] |  | 6.85 [3.69, 12.70]a |
Preceding birth interval | ||||
  < 2 year |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 2–4 year |  | 0.36 [0.23, 0.56] |  | 0.38 [0.24, 0.58]a |
  > 4 year |  | 0.58 [0.32, 1.04] |  | 0.64 [0.35, 1.17] |
Women participating in making their own heath care decisions | ||||
 Yes |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 No |  | 1.24 [1.12, 1.79] |  | 1.25 [1.14, 1.79]a |
Media exposure | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Yes |  | 0.73 [0.42, 1.25] |  | 0.97 [0.55, 1.73] |
Number of ANC visits | ||||
 No visit |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 1–3 |  | 0.30 (0.14, 0.65) |  | 0.34 (0.15, 0.74)a |
  ≥ 4 |  | 0.44 (0.22, 0.88) |  | 0.55 (0.26, 1.15) |
Place of delivery | ||||
 Home |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Health facility |  | 0.77 [0.51, 1.16] |  | 0.81 [0.54, 1.23] |
Maternal education | ||||
 No education |  | 1.66 [1.04, 2.65] |  | 1.79 [1.12, 2.88]a |
 Primary |  | 1.21 [0.53, 2.78] |  | 1.50 [0.65, 3.46] |
 Secondary and higher |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Residence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Urban |  |  | 1 | 1 |
 Rural |  |  | 2.04 [0.91, 4.54] | 1.82 [0.75, 4.38] |
Distance to health facility | ||||
 Not a big problem |  |  | 1 | 1 |
 Big problem |  |  | 1.21 [0.83, 1.78] | 1.16 [0.78, 1.72] |
Community poverty | ||||
 Low |  |  | 1 | 1 |
 High |  |  | 1.04 [0.67, 1.62] | 0.85 [0.52, 1.39] |
Community media exposure | ||||
 No |  |  | 1 | 1 |
 Yes |  |  | 0.63 [0.41, 0.97] | 0.64 [0.41, 0.98]a |
 Random effect |  |  |  |  |
 Community level variance | 0.51 | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.32 |
 Log likelihood | − 635.27 | − 597.78 | − 627.50 | − 593.68 |
 Deviance | 1270.54 | 1195.56 | 1255.0 | 1187.36 |
 ICC | 13.5% | 11.0% | 10.0% | 8.9% |
 MOR | 1.98 | 1.84 | 1.78 | 1.72 |
 PCV | ref | 19.6% | 27.5% | 37.3% |