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Table 5 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis of neonatal mortality in emerging regions of Ethiopia, 2016

From: Individual-and community-level determinants of neonatal mortality in the emerging regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed-effect analysis

Variable

Null model

Model 1 (individual level factors)

Model 2 (Community level factors)

Model 4 (model with individual and community level factors)

Sex of neonate

 Male

 

1

 

1

 Female

 

0.67 [0.47, 0.94]

 

0.67 [0.47, 0.94]a

Wealth index

 Rich

 

1

 

1

 Middle

 

1.11 [0.44, 2.80]

 

0.87 [0.33, 2.27]

 Poor

 

1.73 [0.91, 3.27]

 

1.22 [0.58, 2.55]

Birth order

 First birth

 

1

 

1

 2–4

 

0.55 [0.28, 1.07]

 

0.62 [0.32, 1.21]

  ≥ 5

 

0.73 [0.36, 1.48]

 

0.82 [0.40, 1.66]

Type of birth

 Single

 

1

 

1

 Twin

 

7.14 [3.84, 13.29]

 

6.85 [3.69, 12.70]a

Preceding birth interval

  < 2 year

 

1

 

1

 2–4 year

 

0.36 [0.23, 0.56]

 

0.38 [0.24, 0.58]a

  > 4 year

 

0.58 [0.32, 1.04]

 

0.64 [0.35, 1.17]

Women participating in making their own heath care decisions

 Yes

 

1

 

1

 No

 

1.24 [1.12, 1.79]

 

1.25 [1.14, 1.79]a

Media exposure

    

 No

 

1

 

1

 Yes

 

0.73 [0.42, 1.25]

 

0.97 [0.55, 1.73]

Number of ANC visits

 No visit

 

1

 

1

 1–3

 

0.30 (0.14, 0.65)

 

0.34 (0.15, 0.74)a

  ≥ 4

 

0.44 (0.22, 0.88)

 

0.55 (0.26, 1.15)

Place of delivery

 Home

 

1

 

1

 Health facility

 

0.77 [0.51, 1.16]

 

0.81 [0.54, 1.23]

Maternal education

 No education

 

1.66 [1.04, 2.65]

 

1.79 [1.12, 2.88]a

 Primary

 

1.21 [0.53, 2.78]

 

1.50 [0.65, 3.46]

 Secondary and higher

 

1

 

1

Residence

    

 Urban

  

1

1

 Rural

  

2.04 [0.91, 4.54]

1.82 [0.75, 4.38]

Distance to health facility

 Not a big problem

  

1

1

 Big problem

  

1.21 [0.83, 1.78]

1.16 [0.78, 1.72]

Community poverty

 Low

  

1

1

 High

  

1.04 [0.67, 1.62]

0.85 [0.52, 1.39]

Community media exposure

 No

  

1

1

 Yes

  

0.63 [0.41, 0.97]

0.64 [0.41, 0.98]a

 Random effect

    

 Community level variance

0.51

0.41

0.37

0.32

 Log likelihood

− 635.27

− 597.78

− 627.50

− 593.68

 Deviance

1270.54

1195.56

1255.0

1187.36

 ICC

13.5%

11.0%

10.0%

8.9%

 MOR

1.98

1.84

1.78

1.72

 PCV

ref

19.6%

27.5%

37.3%

  1. aICC Intra-class Correlation Coefficient, MOR Median Odds Ratio, PCV Proportional Change in Variance