Table 4 Association between paternal factors and SGA by multiple logistic regression analysis
From: Paternal factors and adverse birth outcomes in Lanzhou, China
Paternal factors | AGA (N = 7922) (%) | SGA (N = 785) (%) | OR (95%CI)a | OR (95%CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
  < 25 | 628 (7.9%) | 101 (12.9%) | ref. | ref. |
 25 to < 30 | 2799 (35.3%) | 264 (33.6%) | 0.75 (0.56,0.99) | 0.79 (0.60,1.06) |
 30 to < 35 | 3009 (38.0%) | 257 (32.7%) | 0.69 (0.51,0.94) | 0.75 (0.55,1.02) |
  ≥ 35 | 1486 (18.8%) | 163 (20.8%) | 0.74 (0.52,1.06) | 0.80 (0.56,1.15) |
 p for trend |  |  | 0.061 | 0.133 |
Ethnicity | ||||
 Han | 7284 (92.0%) | 704 (89.7%) | ref. | ref. |
 Others | 638 (8.1%) | 81 (10.3%) | 1.00 (0.68,1.48) | 1.00 (0.67,1.49) |
Education years (%) | ||||
 Less than high school graduation | 1505 (19.0%) | 266 (33.9%) | ref. | ref. |
 high school and community college | 3142 (39.7%) | 289 (36.8%) | 0.65 (0.52,0.81) | 0.68 (0.54,0.86) |
 higher than college | 3275 (41.3%) | 230 (29.3%) | 0.58 (0.43,0.77) | 0.61 (0.50,0.82) |
Height (m) | ||||
  < 1.71 | 2448 (30.9%) | 299 (38.1%) | ref. | ref. |
 1.71–1.74 | 2007 (25.3%) | 199 (25.4%) | 0.87 (0.72,1.05) | 0.87 (0.71,1.06) |
  ≥ 1.75 | 3467 (43.8%) | 287 (36.6%) | 0.77 (0.64,0.91) | 0.77 (0.64,0.92) |
 p for trend |  |  | 0.009 | 0.017 |
Weight (kg) | ||||
  < 67.0 | 2545 (32.1%) | 322 (41.0%) | ref. | ref. |
 67–74.9 | 2205 (27.8%) | 213 (27.1%) | 0.82 (0.68,0.996) | 0.88 (0.72,109) |
  ≥ 75 | 3172 (40.0%) | 250 (31.9%) | 0.73 (0.61,0.87) | 0.80 (0.60,1.06) |
 p for trend |  |  | < 0.001 | 0.014 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
  < 18.5 | 247 (3.1%) | 40 (5.1%) | 1.38 (0.96,1.97) | 1.38 (0.96,1.97) |
 18.5–23.9 | 4015 (50.7%) | 444 (56.6%) | ref. | ref. |
  ≥ 24 | 3660 (46.2%) | 301 (38.3%) | 0.82 (0.70,0.96) | 0.83 (0.70,0.97) |
 p for trend |  |  | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Smoking cigarettes per day | ||||
 No | 4097 (51.7%) | 378 (48.2%) | ref. | ref. |
 ever smoker | 630 (8.0%) | 63 (8.0%) | 0.95 (0.71,1.27) | 0.95 (0.71,1.27) |
 current smoker | 3195 (40.3%) | 344 (43.8%) | 0.99 (0.83,1.17) | 0.98 (0.82,1.17) |
  ≤ 3 pack-years | 1408 (17.8%) | 137 (17.5%) | 0.91 (0.74,1.13) | 0.91 (0.73,1.13) |
 4–6 pack-years | 1382 (17.5%) | 147 (18.7%) | 0.99 (0.80,1.23) | 0.98 (0.79,1.22) |
  > 6 pack-years | 1035 (13.1%) | 123 (15.7%) | 1.07 (0.85,1.35) | 1.06 (0.84,1.35) |
 p for trend |  |  | 0.702 | 0.737 |
Drinking per year | ||||
 No | 6128 (77.4%) | 610 (77.7%) | ref. | ref. |
 ever drinker | 1300 (16.4%) | 142 (18.1%) | 1.10 (0.90,1.34) | 1.11 (0.91,1.36) |
 current drinker | 494 (6.2%) | 33 (4.2%) | 0.69 (0.47,0.995) | 0.69 (0.47,0.992) |
  ≤ 180 times | 583 (7.4%) | 57 (7.3%) | 1.00 (0.75,1.34) | 1.02 (0.76,1.37) |
 181–440 times | 585 (7.38%) | 63 (8.03%) | 1.08 (0.82,1.43) | 1.08 (0.81,1.43) |
  > 440 times | 626 (7.9%) | 55 (7.0%) | 0.88 (0.65,1.12) | 0.88 (0.66,1.19) |
 p for trend |  |  | 0.456 | 0.464 |
 Only red wine | 670 (8.5%) | 610 (77.7%) | 0.97 (0.74,1.29) | 0.99 (0.75,1.31) |
 Only white liquor | 380 (4.8%) | 64 (8.2%) | 0.83 (0.57,1.21) | 0.83 (0.56,1.21) |
 Only beer | 14 (0.2%) | 32 (4.1%) | 0.54 (0.07,4.28) | 0.60 (0.08,4.87) |
 Red wine+ white liquor | 663 (8.4%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1.10 (0.85,1.44) | 1.11 (0.85,1.44) |
 White liquor + beer | 26 (0.3%) | 71 (9.0%) | 0.71 (0.16,3.12) | 0.74 (0.17,3.25) |
 Red wine+beer | 18 (0.2%) | 2 (0.3%) | 1.01 (0.22,4.57) | 0.93 (0.20,4.31) |
 Red wine+beer+ white liquor | 23 (0.3%) | 3 (0.4%) | 1.16 (0.34,3.95) | 1.14 (0.33,3.97) |