Table 2 Association between paternal factors and LBW by multiple logistic regression analysis
From: Paternal factors and adverse birth outcomes in Lanzhou, China
Paternal factors | Normal BW (N = 8710) (n/%) | LBW (N = 727) (n/%) | OR (95%CI)a | OR (95%CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
  < 25 | 678 (7.8%) | 94 (12.9%) | ref. | ref. |
 25 to < 30 | 3059 (35.1%) | 239 (32.9%) | 1.04 (0.68,1.61) | 1.06 (0.68,1.64) |
 30 to < 35 | 3340 (38.4%) | 233 (32.1%) | 0.92 (0.58,1.47) | 0.96 (0.59,1.53) |
  ≥ 35 | 1633 (18.8%) | 161 (22.2%) | 0.92 (0.53,1.58) | 0.93 (0.53,1.61) |
P for trend | Â | Â | 0.392 | 0.446 |
Ethnicity | ||||
 Han | 8008 (91.9%) | 648 (89.1%) | ref. | ref. |
 Others | 702 (8.1%) | 79 (10.9%) | 0.73 (0.40,1.31) | 0.71 (0.39,1.27) |
Education years (%) | ||||
 Less than high school graduation | 1610 (18.5%) | 292 (40.2%) | ref. | ref. |
 high school and community college | 3456 (39.7%) | 257 (35.4%) | 0.76 (0.55,1.05) | 0.81 (0.59,1.12) |
 higher than college | 3644 (41.8%) | 178 (24.5%) | 0.79 (0.53,1.20) | 0.87 (0.53,1.33) |
Height (m)c | ||||
  < 1.71 | 2663 (30.6%) | 292 (40.2%) | ref. | ref. |
 1.71–1.74 | 2190 (25.1%) | 188 (25.9%) | 0.82 (0.62,1.09) | 0.82 (0.62,1.09) |
  ≥ 1.75 | 3857 (44.3%) | 247 (34.0%) | 0.64 (0.49,0.84) | 0.64 (0.49,0.83) |
 P for trend |  |  | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Weight (Kg) | ||||
  < 67.0 | 2744 (31.5%) | 310 (42.6%) | ref. | ref. |
 67–74.9 | 2431 (27.9%) | 188 (25.9%) | 0.74 (0.56,0.97) | 0.75 (0.55,1.02) |
  ≥ 75 | 3535 (40.6%) | 299 (31.5%) | 0.68 (0.52,0.88) | 0.66 (0.43,1.01) |
 P for trend |  |  | 0.002 | 0.032 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
  < 18.5 | 269 (3.1%) | 33 (4.5%) | 1.41 (0.82,2.44) | 1.4790.85,2.54) |
 18.5–23.9 | 4381 (50.3%) | 408 (56.1%) | ref. | ref. |
  ≥ 24 | 4060 (46.6%) | 286 (39.3%) | 0.82 (0.65,1.04) | 0.82 (0.67,1.03) |
 P for trend |  |  | 0.040 | 0.027 |
Smoking cigarettes per day | ||||
 No | 4524 (51.9%) | 328 (45.1%) | ref. | ref. |
 ever smoker | 687 (7.9%) | 67 (9.2%) | 1.20 (0.80,1.80) | 1.23 (0.82,1.86) |
 current smoker | 3499 (40.2%) | 332 (45.7%) | 1.10 (0.85,1.41) | 1.11 (0.86,1.43) |
  ≤ 3 pack-years | 1529 (17.6%) | 134 (18.4%) | 1.17 (0.86,1.60) | 1.18 (0.86,1.63) |
 4–6 pack-years | 1531 (17.6%) | 135 (18.6%) | 1.00 (0.73,1.38) | 1.02 (0.74,1.40) |
  > 6 pack-years | 1126 (12.9%) | 130 (17.9%) | 1.19 (0.86,1.66) | 1.22 (0.87,1.70) |
 P for trend |  |  | 0.319 | 0.266 |
Drinking per year | ||||
 No | 6733 (77.3%) | 577 (79.4%) | ref. | ref. |
 Ever drinker | 1438 (16.5%) | 118 (16.2%) | 1.29 (0.95,1.75) | 1.32 (0.97,1.79) |
 Current drinker | 539 (6.2%) | 32 (4.4%) | 0.80 (0.47,1.35) | 0.81 (0.48,1.36) |
  ≤ 180 times | 655 (7.5%) | 43 (5.9%) | 1.09 (0.70,1.68) | 1.10 (0.71,1.71) |
 181–440 times | 656 (7.5%) | 46 (6.3%) | 1.14 (0.73,1.80) | 1.12 (0.71,1.77) |
  > 440 times | 666 (7.7%) | 61 (8.4%) | 1.20 (0.79,1.82) | 1.26 (0.83,1.91) |
 P for trend |  |  | 0.216 | 0.172 |
 Only red wine | 742 (8.5%) | 52 (7.2%) | 1.23 (0.81,1.88) | 1.21 (0.79,1.86) |
 Only white liquor | 411 (4.7%) | 34 (4.7%) | 0.88 (0.50,1.53) | 0.89 (0.51,1.55) |
 Only beer | 14 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0.54 (0.03,8.52) | 0.67 (0.04,10.20) |
 Red wine+ white liquor | 741 (8.5%) | 55 (7.6%) | 1.13 (0.75,1.69) | 1.17 (0.78,1.76) |
 White liquor + beer | 28 (0.3%) | 2 (0.3%) | 1.35 (0.17,11.10) | 1.59 (0.19,13.25) |
 Red wine+beer | 18 (0.2%) | 3 (0.4%) | 5.02 (0.93,27.09) | 5.47 (1.03,29.18) |
 Red wine+beer+ white liquor | 23 (0.3%) | 3 (0.4%) | 2.58 (0.62,10.77) | 2.83 (0.67,11.89) |