Table 4 Multivariate analysis of the factors associated with elective cesarean section for multiparous women

Attitude towards intimate partner violence (reference = violence justified)

  Violence not justified

2.415**

1.234; 4.725

Education level (reference = secondary)

  Primary or less

0.750

0.405; 1.389

  Tertiary

1.536

0.953; 2.476

Ownership of mobile phone (reference = has her own mobile phone)

  Does not have her own mobile phone

0.394

0.146; 1.063

Number of antenatal care visits (reference = 4 to 7)

  3 or fewer

1.268

0.782; 2.057

1.376

0.833; 2.273

  8 or more

1.282

0.841; 1.955

1.293

0.836; 2.000

Age at delivery (reference = 20–34 years)

  15–19

1.230

0.584; 2.594

1.230

0.562; 2.696

  35–49

1.580**

1.005; 2.485

1.673**

1.053; 2.658

Place of delivery (reference = public sector)

  Private sector

1.205

0.645; 2.251

0.113

0.584; 2.123

  Perceived size of newborn (reference = average)

  Larger than average

0.907

0.566; 1.451

0.915

0.563; 1.487

  Smaller than average

1.266

0.717; 2.238

1.322

0.760; 2.298

Household quintile of wealth (reference = middle)

  Poorest

0.924

0.403; 2.119

0.946

0.406; 2.202

  Poor

1.131

0.611; 2.093

1.254

0.661; 2.380

  Rich

1.301

0.657; 2.574

1.122

0.559; 2.251

  Richest

2.355**

1.307; 4.244

1.633

0.851; 3.134

Ethnicity of household head (reference = Kinh, Hoa)

  Ethnic minority

0.812

0.447; 1.475

0.914

0.497; 1.681

Place of residence (reference = rural)

  Urban

2.103**

1.437; 3.079

2.004**

1.349; 2.977

Region (reference = North-Central)

  Red River Delta

0.984

0.566; 1.709

0.829

0.462; 1.488

  North Midlands

0.911

0.498; 1.666

0.735

0.381; 1.417

  Central Highlands

0.645

0.320; 1.303

0.674

0.335; 1.355

  Southeast

1.226

0.703; 2.136

1.248

0.696; 2.237

  Mekong River Delta

1.368

0.771; 2.429

1.290

0.707; 2.355