Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics

Gestation week, mean (SD, range)^a

7.6 (2.1, 3–12)

7.5 (2.3, 3–12)

–

Maternal age, mean (SD, range)

31.3 (4.0, 21–41)

31.1 (4.6, 18–44)

31.0 (4.9)^c

Primiparous, %

58.8

48.4

42.4^c

University/college degree, %

82.4

83.3

51.5^d

Employed, %

89.9

81.0

86.4^e

Married/cohabitating, %

97.5

96.0

93.6^c

≥ 1 chronic condition, %

42.9

46.0

–

PUQE score^b, mean (SD, range)

6.4 (2.8, 3–14)

6.1 (2.5, 3–15)

–

Moderate or severe NVP^b, %

47.9

45.2

91.2^f

Infertility treatment in current pregnancy, %

10.9

16.7

3−4^g

Folic acid supplement before and during pregnancy, %

97.5

98.4

33.8/79.1^c,h

Smoking in pregnancy, %

1.7

0.8

3.4^c

Alcohol in pregnancy, %

5.0

3.2

4.1ⁱ

QOLS, mean (SD, range)

89.0 (12.5, 42–112)

91.1 (10.2, 62–112)

81 (12.8)^f