Skip to main content

Table 1 Comparison of characteristics between Asians and Caucasians, Ontario, Canada, April 1st, 2015-March 31st, 2017 (N = 237,293)

From: Comparison of adverse perinatal outcomes between Asians and Caucasians: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario

Characteristics

Asian

Caucasian

P value

n

%

n

%

73,188

30.9

164,105

69.1

Maternal Age at delivery (years) (Mean ± SD)

32.07 ± 4.5

 

31.08 ± 4.98

 

<.0001

  ≤ 18

49

0.1

1221

0.7

< 0.001

 19–24

3207

4.4

15,229

9.3

 

 25–29

17,792

24.3

41,652

25.4

 

 30–34

30,428

41.6

65,448

39.9

 

 35–39

18,019

24.7

34,207

20.9

 

  ≥ 40

3592

4.9

6116

3.7

 

 Missing

101

0.1

232

0.1

 

Neighbourhood median household income quntiles (link to 2011 Canadian Census data)

    

<.0001

 Quintile 1 (lowest)

17,117

23.6

26,877

16.6

 

 Quintile 2

16,540

22.8

30,678

18.9

 

 Quintile 3

16,544

22.8

33,781

20.8

 

 Quintile 4

13,679

18.9

37,563

23.2

 

 Quintile 5 (highest)

8556

11.8

33,148

20.5

 

 Missing

752

1.0

2058

1.3

 

Maternal pre-existing diseasea

    

<.0001

 No

70,579

96.4

151,491

92.4

 

 Yes

2609

3.6

12,544

7.6

 

Mental health Condition

    

<.0001

 No

66,363

96.6

123,975

80.8

 

 Yes

2366

3.4

29,465

19.2

 

 Missing

4459

6.1

10,665

6.5

 

Previous cesarean section

 Yes

60,129

83.8

138,671

86.5

<.0001

 No

11,656

16.2

21,624

13.5

 

 Missing

1403

1.9

3810

2.3

 

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) (Mean ± SD)

23.4 ± 4.5

 

25.74 ± 6.17

 

<.0001

 Underweight (< 18.5)

5958

9.7

6537

4.4

<.0001

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

36,655

59.7

75,072

50.8

 

 Overweight (25.0–29.9)

13,409

21.8

36,235

24.5

 

 Obese (30–34.9)

3982

6.5

17,044

11.5

 

 Obese (35–39.9)

1001

1.6

7982

5.4

 

 Obese (≥40)

378

0.6

4991

3.4

 

 Missing

11,805

16.1

16,244

9.9

 

Parity

    

<.0001

 0

31,289

43.1

75,996

46.7

 

  ≥ 1

41,386

56.9

86,738

53.3

 

 Missing

513

0.7

1371

0.8

 

Conception by assisted reproductive technology

    

<.0001

 No

65,565

96.2

145,616

95.4

 

 Yes

2622

3.8

6978

4.6

 

 Missing

5001

6.8

11,511

7.0

 

Drug use during pregnancy

    

<.0001

 No

69,375

97.9

137,147

86.7

 

 Yes

1458

2.1

21,012

13.3

 

 Missing

2355

3.2

5946

3.6

 

Alcohol exposure during pregnancy

    

<.0001

 No

69,833

99.1

152,805

97.2

 

 Yes

612

0.9

4470

2.8

 

 Missing

2743

3.7

6830

4.2

 

Smoking during pregnancy (any time)

    

<.0001

 No

69,485

98.9

140,296

89.4

 

 Yes

771

1.1

16,575

10.6

 

 Missing

2932

4.0

7234

4.4

 

Maternal residence area

 Urban

72,386

99.2

139,566

85.4

 

 Rural

593

0.8

23,841

14.6

 

 Missing

209

0.3

698

0.4

 

Obstetrician in antenatal care team

    

<.0001

 No

11,171

15.3

49,579

30.2

 

 Yes

62,017

84.7

114,456

69.8

 

Hospital level of maternal care

    

< 0.001

 level I

1383

1.9

18,597

11.3

 

 level II

60,006

82.0

101,777

62.0

 

 level III

11,799

16.1

43,661

26.6

 
  1. aMaternal pre-existing disease includes any of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and pulmonary disease
  2. 1. Missing data represents missing values for neighborhood household income level and education level, parity, previous caesarean section, drug use, alcohol use, birth weight and antenatal health care provider were excluded from the percentage calculation
  3. 2. Bold values mean the risk factor favouring corresponding race group
Back to article page

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

Contact us