From: Trends and correlates of cesarean section rates over two decades in Nepal
 | Public, OR (CI) | 2006 | Public, OR (CI) | 2011 | Public, OR (CI) | 2016 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Private, OR (CI) | Private, OR (CI) | Private, OR (CI) | ||||
Region (Ref: 5) | ||||||
 Eastern | 1.55 (0.32–7.53) | 0.57 (0.14–2.37) | 1.43 (0.54–3.82) | 5.08 (1.06–24.34) * | 2.05 (1.13–3.73) * | 54.44 (5.67–522.4) ** |
 Central | 1.64 (0.36–7.41 | 1.09 (0.43–2.76) | 1.28 (0.54–3.01) | 6.83 (1.42–32.81) * | 1.67 (0.92–3.03) | 52.22 (5.33–511.9) ** |
 Western | 2.16 (0.43–10.77) | 1.12 (0.40–3.14) | 1.04 (0.45–2.43) | 2.78 (0.55–13.92) | 2.67 (1.51–4.72) ** | 30.35 (3.11–296.0) ** |
 Mid-western | 0.50 (0.10–2.58) | 2.97 (1.17–7.49) * | 0.84 (0.32–2.18) | 2.86 (0.59–13.87) | 1.00 (0.49–2.00) | 3.04 (0.20–45.2) |
Age at first birth (Ref: ≤ 19) | ||||||
 20–29 | 1.74 (0.97–3.12) | 2.13 (1.12–4.05) * | 1.61 (0.90–2.88) | 1.49 (0.78–2.83) | 1.42 (0.99–2.05) | 1.55 (0.84–2.89) |
 30+ | 4.11 (1.42–11.93) * | 32.48 (2.70–391.1) ** | 4.86 (0.82–28.91) | 6.64 (1.28–34.36) * | 4.48 (1.88–10.65) ** | 11.96 (0.38–42.3) *** |
Birth order (Ref: Second +) | ||||||
 First | 2.30 (1.03–5.13) * | 1.34 (0.61–2.93) | 0.70 (0.42–1.17) | 1.65 (0.96–2.86) | 1.17 (0.82–1.69) | 1.27 (0.75–2.2) |
Child size (Ref: Average) | ||||||
 Large | 2.78 (1.36–5.67) ** | 2.53 (1.18–5.43) * | 1.07 (0.57–1.99) | 2.76 (1.28–5.97) ** | 1.52 (1.03–2.22) * | 2.06 (1.10–3.83) * |
 Small | 1.88 (0.74–4.77) | 2.24 (0.70–7.15) | 0.58 (0.23–1.46) | 2.70 (1.16–6.27) * | 1.52 (0.99–2.32) | 1.17 (0.63–2.18) |
ANC visit (Ref: 3 or less) | ||||||
 4 and above | 1.22 (0.56–2.67) | 1.44 (0.65–3.20) | 1.18 (0.63–2.19) | 1.76 (0.59–5.29) | 1.15 (0.63–2.09) | 1.46 (0.80–2.67) |
Occupation (Ref: Not working) | ||||||
 Working | 0.47 (0.24–0.91) * | 0.47 (0.21–1.08) | 0.87 (0.50–1.51) | 0.73 (0.40–1.34) | 0.93 (0.66–1.32) | 1.58 (0.99–2.51) |
Wealth index (Ref: Poorest) | ||||||
 Poorer | 0.41 (0.12–1.34) | 0.70 (0.14–3.35) | 0.22 (0.05–0.96) * | 0.48 (0.10–2.27) | 1.21 (0.59–2.48) | 0.45 (0.13–1.58) |
 Middle | 0.32 (0.09–1.16) | 1.06 (0.11–10.21) | 0.92 (0.27–3.09) | 1.68 (0.43–6.46) | 1.28 (0.65–2.52) | 0.94 (0.31–2.84) |
 Richer | 0.75 (0.28–1.99) | 0.09 (0.02–0.36) ** | 0.68 (0.21–2.20) | 1.14 (0.29–4.49) | 1.54 (0.77–3.08) | 0.84 (0.31–2.23) |
 Richest | 1.03 (0.33–3.23) | 1.63 (0.45–5.88) | 1.00 (0.27–3.74) | 0.97 (0.24–3.83) | 3.91 (1.90–8.09) *** | 2.82 (1.05–7.56) * |
Education (Ref: No education) | ||||||
 Primary or less | 0.59 (0.29–1.17) | 3.95 (0.63–24.68) | 1.64 (0.66–4.08) | 1.45 (0.52–4.03) | 1.29 (0.62–2.67) | 0.50 (0.26–0.94) * |
 Secondary + | 0.43 (0.26–0.73) ** | 2.22 (0.32–15.35) | 1.32 (0.49–3.54) | 1.33 (0.52–3.40) | 1.13 (0.59–2.17) | 0.82 (0.43–1.56) |
Residence (Ref: Rural) | ||||||
 Urban | 0.93 (0.49–1.74) | 1.35 (0.67–2.72) | 0.56 (0.34–0.92) * | 0.43 (0.23–0.79)** | 1.14 (0.77–1.68) | 1.28 (0.77–2.14) |