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Table 3 Echocardiographic parameters in normotensive women with singleton (n = 44) and twin (n = 22) pregnancies

From: Morphofunctional cardiac changes in singleton and twin pregnancies: a longitudinal cohort study

 

2nd trimester

3rd trimester

PP1

PP2

Singleton pregnancies (women tested)

(n = 42)

(n = 42)

(n = 41)

(n = 41)

Twin pregnancies (women tested)

(n = 18)

(n = 21)

(n = 22)

(n = 22)

LVDd, mm

SP 46.0 (3.1)

46.2 (3.3)

47.0 (3.5)

45.4 (3.4)

TP 45.4 (2.5)

45.6 (4.1)

47.2 (2.9)

44.0 (3.1)

LV ejection fraction (LVEF), %

SP 64.8 (4.3)

62.5 (4.1) †

63.6 (4.4)

61.8 (4.0) †

TP 65.7 (4.3)

63.1 (6.0)

65.3 (4.3)

62.6 (5.4)

Shortening fraction, %

SP 35.5 (3.2)

33.6 (3.2) †

34.6 (3.6)

33.1 (3.2) †

TP 36.6 (3.4)

33.3 (4.6) †

35.3 (4.7)

33.4 (3.6)

LV mass (LVM), g

SP 102.8 (19.0)

113.7 (23.6)

118.2 (26.1) †

102.7 (23.9)

TP 96.4 (12.9)

115.8 (15.6) †

126.3 (19.4) *†

94.5 (13.8)

LVM/BSA (LVMI), g/m2

SP 63.6 (10.0)

68.8 (12.5)

73.1 (14.1) †

64.6 (13.0)

TP 61.8 (7.6)

71.3 (8.4) †

80.9 (11.6) *†

62.6 (7.4)

LA diameter PLAX, mm

SP 31.9 (3.6)

32.3 (3.8)

33.6 (3.9) †

30.6 (3.8)

TP 31.4 (3.4)

33.7 (3.3)

34.3 (3.8) †

29.1 (3.8) †

Maximum LA volume, mL

SP 38.6 (9.2)

40.2 (9.6)

45.9 (11.1) †

36.5 (9.8)

TP 40.3 (9.2)

45.7 (12.9)

51.0 (15.4) †

32.2 (10.8)

Maximal LA volume/BSA (LAVI), mL/m2

SP 23.9 (5.2)

24.4 (5.7)

28.4 (6.1) †

22.9 (5.3)

TP 25.8 (5.4)

28.0 (7.2) *

32.4 (8.9) *†

21.2 (6.6)

Inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, mm

SP 13.6 (3.5)

10.9 (3.0) †

17.0 (4.0) †

15.3 (3.5)

TP 11.2 (3.4) *

9.3 (3.4)

15.8 (4.9) †

13.0 (5.1) *

Stroke volume, mL

SP 68.2 (8.0)

65.8 (10.0)

74.5 (8.6) †

67.2 (8.5)

TP 67.0 (9.7)

75.7 (12.5)

74.0 (14.0)

61.5 (8.4) *

Cardiac output (CO), L/min

SP 5.5 (0.8)

5.4 (0.9)

5.7 (0.9)

4.6 (0.7) †

TP 5.2 (0.9)

5.6 (1.1)

4.9 (0.9) *

4.3 (0.9) †

CO/BSA (CI), L/min/m2

SP 3.4 (0.4)

3.3 (0.6)

3.5 (0.5)

2.9 (0.4) †

TP 3.3 (0.6)

3.5 (0.8)

3.2 (0.6) *

2.8 (0.5) †

Systemic vascular resistance, dyn∙s/cm5

SP 1072 (143)

1157 (234)

1058 (195)

1441 (234) †

TP 1065 (233)

1066 (268)

1222 (258) *

1529 (325) †

Mitral inflow parameters

 E, cm/s

SP 74 (15)

71 (18)

87 (16) †

69 (13)

TP 84 (18) *

79 (22)

92 (16)

67 (14) †

 A, cm/s

SP 53 (11)

56 (11)

58 (12)

52 (12)

TP 53 (10)

60 (9)

54 (14)

48 (11)

 E/A

SP 1.5 (0.4)

1.3 (0.4)

1.5 (0.4)

1.4 (0.4)

TP 1.6 (0.5)

1.3 (0.3) †

1.8 (0.6)

1.4 (0.3)

Pulmonary vein inflow parameters

 S/D

SP 1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

1.0 (0.3)

TP 1.0 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

1.0 (0.2)

0.9 (0.2)

TDI mitral annulus

 Average

 s’ ave., cm/s

SP 11.3 (2.1)

11.5 (2.5)

10.6 (1.7)

10.1 (1.9) †

TP 10.6 (1.9)

10.6 (1.6)

9.4 (1.2) *†

8.8 (1.0) *†

 e’ ave. (e’), cm/s

SP 15.5 (2.2)

13.8 (2.1) †

14.5 (2.1)

13.6 (2.0) †

TP 14.8 (2.3)

13.3 (1.7)

13.7 (2.0)

14.2 (1.8)

 a’ ave., cm/s

SP 9.9 (1.8)

10.5 (2.0)

10.8 (2.3)

9.3 (2.0)

TP 10.3 (2.6)

11.0 (1.5)

9.4 (2.2) *

8.5 (1.8) †

 E/e’ average (E/e’)

SP 4.9 (1.1)

5.3 (1.6)

6.1 (1.2) †

5.1 (1.0)

TP 5.9 (1.6) *

6.0 (1.6)

6.9 (1.5) *

4.8 (0.9)

  1. Data are presented as means (SD); *, P < 0.05 vs. the value of singleton pregnancy. †, P < 0.05 vs. value of the same group determined in the 2nd trimester
  2. A Late diastolic mitral flow velocity, a’ ave. Average of late diastolic septal and lateral mitral annular velocity, BSA Body surface area, D Anterograde diastolic pulmonary venous flow velocity, E Early diastolic mitral flow velocity, e’ ave. Average of early diastolic septal and lateral mitral annular velocity, LA Left atrium, LV Left ventricle, LVDd LV end-diastolic dimension, PLAX From parasternal long-axis view, s’ ave. Average of systolic septal and lateral mitral annular velocity, S Systolic pulmonary venous flow velocity, SP Singleton pregnancies, TDI Tissue Doppler imaging, TP Twin pregnancies
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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