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Table 5 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio for the risk of high vaginal tear

From: Risk factors for perineal and vaginal tears in primiparous women – the prospective POPRACT-cohort study

n = 421

High vaginal tear (n = 55)

OR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Age

 ≤ 25 years

Reference

Reference

 > 25 years

2.20 (0.84, 5.73)

2.36 (0.77, 7.26)

BMI

 ≤ 25 kg/m2

Reference

Reference

 25.1–30 kg/m2

1.12 (0.57, 2.22)

1.15 (0.54, 2.47)

 > 30 kg/m2

0.97 (0.39, 2.45)

0.85 (0.3, 2.37)

Education

 9 to < 12 years

1.48 (0.16, 13.53)

5.83 (0.45, 75.33)

 12 years

0.64 (0.33, 1.24)

0.79 (0.38, 1.64)

 University

Reference

Reference

Hereditya

 No

Reference

Reference

 Yes

2.21 (1.12, 4.35)*

2.32 (1.09, 4.97)*

SUI in late pregnancy

 No

Reference

NE

 Yes

0.81 (0.38, 1.74)

NE

GA at birth

 Preterm and term

Reference

Reference

 Postterm

2.04 (0.92, 4.55)

0.69 (0.23, 2.05)

Delivery start

 Spontaneous

Reference

Reference

 Induction

2.64 (1.4, 4.95)*

3.16 (1.31, 7.62)*

Epidural analgesia

 No

Reference

Reference

 Yes

0.93 (0.53, 1.63)

0.78 (0.4, 1.5)

Oxytocin stimulation

 No

Reference

Reference

 Yes

0.83 (0.47, 1.47)

0.41 (0.2, 0.84)*

Duration of active 2nd stage

 ≤ 15 min

0.65 (0.27, 1.53)

0.71 (0.29, 1.76)

 16–60 min

Reference

Reference

 > 60 min

1.05 (0.54, 2.03)

0.97 (0.46, 2.02)

Episiotomy

 No

Reference

Reference

 Yes

1.54 (0.6, 3.91)

1.01 (0.34, 3.05)

Maternal position at birth

 Flexible sacrum positions

Reference

Reference

 Reduced sacrum flexibility

1.30 (0.61, 2.77)

1.08 (0.46, 2.53)

Mode of delivery

 Spontaneous

Reference

Reference

 Vacuum extraction

1.55 (0.78, 3.06)

2.53 (1.07, 5.98)*

Fetal scalp electrode

 No

Reference

Reference

 Yes

1.59 (0.88, 2.85)

1.71 (0.85, 3.42)

Fetal presentation

 Occiput anterior

Reference

Reference

 Occiput posterior

0.43 (0.06, 3.35)

0.47 (0.04, 5.07)

Hand or arm presenting fetal part

 No

Reference

Reference

 Yes

2.16 (1.03, 4.53)*

2.27 (0.99, 5.24)

Fetal weight

 ≤ 4000 g

Reference

NE

 > 4000 g

1.37 (0.65, 2.9)

NE

Fetal head circumference

 ≤ 35 cm

Reference

Reference

 > 35 cm

2.71 (1.41, 5.22)*

3.07 (1.5, 6.3)*

  1. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio for the risk of high vaginal tear using logistic regression. The group of women with high vaginal tear was compared with women with none or low vaginal tear. Sample size for the unadjusted OR for SUI was based on n = 392. aHeredity of pelvic floor dysfunction and/or connective tissue deficiency; *Significant at level p < 0.05. aOR adjusted odds ratio, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, GA gestational age, NE not estimated, OR odds ratio, SUI stress urinary incontinence
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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