From: Maternal health behaviors during pregnancy in rural Northwestern China
 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VARIABLES | Low dietary diversity (1 = dietary diversity scores <= 6) | Weight gain out of standard range | Exposure to tobacco (including second-hand smoke) | BMI out of standard range | No folic acid consumption | |||||||||
(1 = below standard range) | (1 = above standard range) | (1 = exposure to tobacco) | (1 = below standard range) | (1 = above standard range) | (1 = no folic acid consumption) | |||||||||
 | OR a | P Value | OR | P Value | OR | P Value | OR | P Value | OR | P Value | OR | P Value | OR | P Value |
(95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||||||||
Age > mean | 0.80 | 0.209 | 1.17 | 0.472 | 0.90 | 0.598 | 1.01 | 0.943 | 1.01 | 0.950 | 1.71** | 0.044 | 0.90 | 0.649 |
(0.57–1.13) |  | (0.76–1.79) |  | (0.62–1.32) |  | (0.72–1.42) |  | (0.64–1.61) |  | (1.02–2.87) |  | (0.58–1.40) |  | |
Completed high school (or above) | 0.68** | 0.015 | 0.63** | 0.031 | 0.84 | 0.322 | 1.36** | 0.047 | 0.82 | 0.335 | 0.71 | 0.181 | 0.70 | 0.105 |
(0.50–0.93) |  | (0.42–0.96) |  | (0.59–1.19) |  | (1.00–1.86) |  | (0.55–1.23) |  | (0.43–1.17) |  | (0.46–1.08) |  | |
Currently working as migrant | 0.98 | 0.872 | 1.17 | 0.436 | 1.06 | 0.718 | 0.68** | 0.013 | 1.28 | 0.213 | 1.58* | 0.050 | 0.76 | 0.204 |
(0.72–1.33) |  | (0.79–1.73) |  | (0.76–1.49) |  | (0.50–0.92) |  | (0.87–1.89) |  | (1.00–2.50) |  | (0.50–1.16) |  | |
Ever worked as migrant | 1.14 | 0.496 | 0.90 | 0.668 | 0.88 | 0.546 | 0.88 | 0.515 | 1.15 | 0.605 | 0.79 | 0.428 | 0.82 | 0.426 |
(0.78–1.68) |  | (0.54–1.48) |  | (0.57–1.34) |  | (0.60–1.29) |  | (0.68–1.94) |  | (0.45–1.41) |  | (0.51–1.33) |  | |
First pregnancy | 1.13 | 0.413 | 1.07 | 0.724 | 1.32* | 0.090 | 1.18 | 0.263 | 1.04 | 0.815 | 1.24 | 0.353 | 0.85 | 0.417 |
(0.84–1.51) |  | (0.74–1.54) |  | (0.96–1.82) |  | (0.89–1.56) |  | (0.73–1.50) |  | (0.79–1.95) |  | (0.58–1.25) |  | |
Husband’s age > mean | 1.33 | 0.109 | 0.56** | 0.011 | 1.10 | 0.643 | 0.87 | 0.434 | 0.56** | 0.014 | 0.88 | 0.644 | 1.08 | 0.747 |
(0.94–1.89) |  | (0.36–0.88) |  | (0.74–1.61) |  | (0.62–1.23) |  | (0.35–0.89) |  | (0.52–1.50) |  | (0.69–1.68) |  | |
Husband completed high school (or above) | 0.81 | 0.149 | 1.06 | 0.752 | 1.18 | 0.325 | 1.01 | 0.967 | 1.18 | 0.397 | 0.87 | 0.551 | 0.89 | 0.564 |
(0.60–1.08) |  | (0.72–1.57) |  | (0.85–1.63) |  | (0.75–1.35) |  | (0.81–1.71) |  | (0.54–1.38) |  | (0.60–1.32) |  | |
Lived with husband for ≥3 months | 1.20 | 0.198 | 0.80 | 0.230 | 0.75* | 0.075 | 0.93 | 0.599 | 1.15 | 0.465 | 1.01 | 0.981 | 1.35 | 0.109 |
(0.91–1.60) |  | (0.56–1.15) |  | (0.55–1.03) |  | (0.70–1.23) |  | (0.79–1.66) |  | (0.66–1.53) |  | (0.94–1.94) |  | |
Lived with mother / mother-in-law ≥3 months | 1.10 | 0.512 | 0.86 | 0.401 | 0.78 | 0.122 | 0.94 | 0.642 | 1.09 | 0.638 | 0.90 | 0.624 | 0.93 | 0.678 |
(0.83–1.46) |  | (0.60–1.23) |  | (0.57–1.07) |  | (0.71–1.23) |  | (0.75–1.59) |  | (0.60–1.37) |  | (0.65–1.32) |  | |
Asset index (PCA score) | 0.82*** | < 0.001 | 1.03 | 0.581 | 1.02 | 0.651 | 1.01 | 0.797 | 0.98 | 0.770 | 1.08 | 0.266 | 0.90* | 0.055 |
 | (0.75–0.90) |  | (0.92–1.15) |  | (0.93–1.12) |  | (0.93–1.10) |  | (0.88–1.10) |  | (0.94–1.23) |  | (0.81–1.00) |  |
County fixed effect | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||
Cohort fixed effect | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||
Observations | 1088 | 691 | 836 | 1088 | 960 | 893 | 1088 |