Table 1 Risk factors of medication-related problems a
Characteristics | No. (%) 1117 (100) | MRPs | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No MRPs | ≥1 MRP | ||||
Age (years) | |||||
  ≤ 20 | 223 (20.0) | 169 | 54 | 1 | 1 |
  21–25 | 388 (34.7) | 278 | 110 | 1.24 [0.85, 1.81] | 1.34 [0.91, 1.98] |
 26–30 | 320 (28.7) | 216 | 104 | 1.51 [1.03, 2.22] | 1.63 [1.07, 2.50] |
  ≥ 31 | 186 (16.7) | 131 | 55 | 1.31 [0.85, 2.04] | 1.31 [0.79, 2.19] |
Residence place | |||||
 Urban | 595 (53.3) | 423 | 172 | 1 |  |
 Rural | 522 (46.7) | 371 | 151 | 1.00 [0.77, 1.30] |  |
Chronic disease | |||||
 Yes | 56 (5.0) | 34 | 22 | 1 |  |
 No | 1061 (95.0) | 760 | 301 | 0.61 [0.35, 1.06] |  |
Medicinal plant used in current pregnancy | |||||
 Yes | 319 (28.6%) | 228 | 91 | 1 |  |
 No | 798 (71.4%) | 566 | 232 | 1.03 [0.77, 1.37] |  |
Alcohol consumers | |||||
 Yes | 46 (4.1) | 33 | 13 | 1 |  |
 No | 1071 (95.9) | 761 | 310 | 1.03 [0.54, 1.99] |  |
Khat chewers c | |||||
 Yes | 65 (5.8) | 44 | 21 | 1 |  |
 No | 1052 (94.2) | 750 | 302 | 0.84 [0.49, 1.44] |  |
No. of medicines during admission | |||||
  < 5 medication | 631 (57.3) | 455 | 176 | 1 |  |
  ≥ 5 medication | 470 (42.7) | 329 | 141 | 1.11 [0.85, 1.44] |  |
No. of medicines prior to admission | |||||
 No past medication | 165 (14.8) | 119 | 46 | 1 |  |
 Only one past medication | 666 (59.6) | 466 | 200 | 1.11 [0.76, 1.62] |  |
 Two or more past medications | 286 (25.6) | 209 | 77 | 0.95 [0.62, 1.46] |  |
Duration of hospital stay | |||||
  ≤ 3 days | 667 (59.7) | 482 | 185 | 1 |  |
  > 3 days | 450 (40.3) | 312 | 138 | 1.15 [0.89, 1.50] |  |
Gestational age | |||||
 Preterm pregnancy | 231 (20.7) | 150 | 81 | 1 | 1 |
 Term pregnancy | 735 (65.8) | 539 | 196 | 0.67 [0.49, 0.92] | 0.79 [0.51, 1.23] |
 Post term pregnancy | 62 (5.6) | 46 | 16 | 0.64 [0.34, 1.21] | 0.72 [0.36, 1.46] |
 Others | 89 (8.0) | 59 | 30 | 0.94 [0.56, 1.58] | 1.04 [0.58, 1.89] |
Patient ward | |||||
 Gynaecology ward | 125 (11.2) | 78 | 47 | 1 | 1 |
 Maternity ward | 992 (88.8) | 716 | 276 | 0.64 [0.43, 0.94] | 0.76 [0.44, 1.30] |
Adverse pregnancy outcome in the current pregnancy | |||||
 Yes | 217 (19.4) | 149 | 68 | 1 |  |
  No or not yet delivered and outcome not yet known | 900 (80.6) | 645 | 255 | 0.87 [0.63, 1.20] |  |
Previous adverse pregnancy outcome | |||||
 Yes | 123 (11.0) | 84 | 39 | 1 |  |
 No/not Applicable | 994 (89.0) | 710 | 284 | 0.86 [0.58, 1.29] |  |
Parity | |||||
 Primiparous | 227 (20.3) | 181 | 46 | 1 | 1 |
 Nulliparous | 441 (39.5) | 308 | 133 | 1.70 [1.16, 2.49] | 1.82 [1.23, 2.69] |
 Multiparous | 449 (40.2) | 305 | 144 | 1.86 [1.27, 2.72] | 1.73 [1.16, 2.59] |