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Table 1 Characteristics of women according to pre-pregnancy BMI

From: Use of the Robson classification to understand the increased risk of cesarean section in case of maternal obesity

 

Normal weight

Obesity

p

11,797

2991

N (%)

N (%)

Maternal characteristics

 Age (years) (mean ± sd)

31.82 ± 5.51

32.88 ± 5.45

< 0.001

 Age class (years)

  

< 0.001

  < 25

1343 (11.4)

213 (7.1)

 

  [25–30[

3096 (26.2)

735 (24.6)

 

  [30–35[

3953 (33.5)

974 (32.6)

 

  ≥ 35

3405 (28.9)

1069 (35.7)

 

 Multiparous women

6639 (56.3)

2280 (76.2)

< 0.001

 Previous cesarean delivery

  

< 0.001

  1

1082 (9.2)

561 (18.8)

 

  ≥ 2

220 (1.9)

246 (8.2)

 

 Body mass index before pregnancy (kg/m2) (mean ± sd)

21.48 ± 1.66

33.47 ± 3.54

< 0.001

 Smoker

1585 (13.7)

307 (10.6)

< 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

94 (0.8)

113 (3.8)

< 0.001

 Chronic hypertension

116 (1.0)

163 (5.4)

< 0.001

 Bariatric surgery

  

< 0.001

  Bypass

30 (0.3)

36 (1.2)

 

  Sleeve gastrectomy

28 (0.2)

56 (1.9)

 

  Gastric band

14 (0.1)

68 (2.3)

 

 Hight medical risk level at the beginning of pregnancya

1880 (15.9)

878 (29.4)

< 0.001

Pregnancy characteristics

 Complications of pregnancyb

1042 (8.8)

870 (29.1)

< 0.001

 Twin pregnancy

481 (4.1)

105 (3.5)

0.172

 Fetal presentation

  

0.019

 Cephalic

11,117 (94.2)

2782 (93.0)

 

 Breech

659 (5.6)

198 (6.6)

 

 Transverse

20 (0.2)

10 (0.3)

 

 Weight intake during pregnancy (mean ± sd)

12.24 ± 5.28

7.74 ± 7.00

< 0.001

 Excessive total GWGc

2691 (23.7)

1308 (45.7)

< 0.001

 Gestational diabetes requiring insulin

162 (1.4)

295 (9.9)

< 0.001

 Gestational diabetes without insulin

477 (4.0)

361 (12.1)

< 0.001

 In utero transfer

198 (1.7)

57 (1.9)

0.439

 Premature rupture of membranes

163 (1.4)

76 (2.5)

< 0.001

 Preterm labor

725 (6.1)

158 (5.3)

0.083

 Gestational hypertension

80 (0.7)

105 (3.5)

< 0.001

 Preeclampsia

233 (2.0)

151 (5.0)

< 0.001

 HELLP syndrome

15 (0.1)

8 (0.3)

0.081

 Eclampsia

2 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

0.57

 Suspected small for gestational age

254 (2.2)

40 (1.3)

0.005

 Cholestasis

126 (1.1)

40 (1.3)

0.25

 Deep vein thrombosis during pregnancy

9 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

0.958

 Pulmonary embolism during pregnancy

1 (0.0)

3 (0.1)

0.035

Delivery characteristics

 Gestational age at delivery

  < 28

70 (0.6)

33 (1.1)

0.004

  [28–34[

304 (2.6)

106 (3.5)

0.004

  [34–37[

679 (5.8)

186 (6.2)

0.35

  [37–41[

8634 (73.2)

2124 (71.0)

0.02

  ≥ 41

2110 (17.9)

542 (18.1)

0.78

 Induction

2515 (21.3)

870 (29.1)

< 0.001

 Induction indication

  

< 0.001

  Fetal

826 (7.0)

258 (8.6)

0.003

  Maternal

155 (1.3)

82 (2.7)

< 0.001

  Premature rupture of membranes

857 (7.3)

251 (8.4)

0.04

  Post term

404 (3.4)

131 (4.4)

0.01

  Gestational hypertension or preeclampsia

246 (2.1)

146 (4.9)

< 0.001

  Non medical

27 (0.2)

2 (0.1)

0.11

 Delivery mode

  

< 0.001

  Vaginal delivery

10,130 (85.9)

2150 (71.9)

 

  Cesarean delivery

1667 (14.1)

841 (28.1)

 
  1. aHigh medical risk level at the beginning of pregnancy was defined as the presence of one or more of: history of cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, Graves’ disease, asthma, homozygous sickle cell anemia, thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorder, a rare or systemic disease, nephropathy, HIV infection, pre-eclampsia, growth restriction, preterm delivery, fetal death or neonatal death
  2. bDefined as the occurrence of one or more of the following complications: gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, severe sepsis, convulsions, diabetic ketoacidosis, coagulation disorder, cholestasis of pregnancy
  3. cExcessive total gestational weight gain defined as an intake of more than 9 kg for women with obesity and an intake of more than 15.9 kg for normal weight