Table 3 Crude associations between reproductive variables, quality and access to prenatal care, maternal morbidity, and habits in the pregnancy, place and type of delivery, and child’s sex (hierarchical levels 2 and 3) and LBW, prematurity, and IUGR. Baseline of the Guarani Indigenous Cohort, South and Southeast Brazil, 2014–2016
Hierarchical level, dimension, and variable | LBW | Prematurity | IUGR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | p-value | OR (95%CI) | p-value | OR (95%CI) | p-value | |
Level 2a | ||||||
Reproductive variables | ||||||
Parity | ||||||
Multiparous | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Primiparous | 1.58 (0.77–3.24) | 0.216 | 1.73 (0.89–3.33) | 0.104* | 4.66 (1.68–12.95) | 0.003* |
Abortions and stillbirths | ||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Yes | 1.14 (0.5–2.64) | 0.749 | 1.48 (0.65–3.38) | 0.356 | 3.3 (0.43–25.57) | 0.252 |
Quality of prenatal care | ||||||
Limited indicator | ||||||
Adequate | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Inadequate | 1.69 (0.92–3.09) | 0.091* | 1.71 (0.94–3.11) | 0.076* | 0.82 (0.29–2.3) | 0.702 |
Expanded indicator | ||||||
Adequate | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Inadequate | 1.47 (0.8–2.69) | 0.215 | 1.56 (0.85–2.85) | 0.152* | 0.82 (0.3–2.26) | 0.702 |
Level 3b | ||||||
Maternal morbidity | ||||||
Hypertension | ||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Yes | 3.84 (0.88–16.74) | 0.074* | 0.80 (0.09–6.84) | 0.839 | 5.21 (0.56–48.48) | 0.147* |
Urinary infection in pregnancy | ||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Yes | 1.18 (0.61–2.29) | 0.624 | 1.23 (0.60–2.51) | 0.575 | 0.53 (0.18–1.57) | 0.254 |
Maternal nutritional status | ||||||
Chronic anemia before pregnancy | ||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Yes | 6.41 (1.7–24.16) | 0.006* | 1.56 (0.30–8.03) | 0.598 | 7.21 (1.29–40.38) | 0.025* |
Pregestational nutritional status | ||||||
Underweight | 1.32 (0.24–7.12) | 0.753 | 2.53 (0.45–14.15) | 0.289 | 2.22 (0.24–4.12) | 0.486 |
Adequate | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Excess weight | 0.54 (0.24–1.18) | 0.12* | 0.80(0.39–1.61) | 0.524 | 1.17 (0.33–4.12) | 0.805 |
Gestational weight gain | ||||||
Insufficient | 1.71 (0.71–4.12) | 0.228 | 0.85 (0.38–1.91) | 0.691 | 0.38 (0.11–1.3) | 0.123* |
Adequate | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Excessive | 1.37 (0.42–4.47) | 0.599 | 0.99 (0.33–2.91) | 0.979 | 0.53 (0.1–2.89) | 0.123* |
Maternal habits in pregnancy | ||||||
Smoking | ||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Yes | 1.35 (0.3–6.13) | 0.701 | 2.72 (0.35–21.29) | 0.34 | 0.75 (0.09–6.23) | 0.791 |
Alcohol use | ||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Yes | 2.13 (0.77–5.87) | 0.145* | 1.83 (0.33–10.12) | 0.489 | 0.77 (0.09–6.34) | 0.805 |
Type of delivery (hospital) | ||||||
Vaginal | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Cesarean | 0.76 (0.27–2.12) | 0.597 | 1.66 (0.29–9.57) | 0.569 | 0.39 (0.05–3.22) | 0.385 |
Child’s sex | ||||||
Female | 1.52 (0.83–2.78) | 0.174* | 0.80 (0.44–1.45) | 0.461 | NA | NA |
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||