Woman-Level Factors
|
Human Development Index 2008 (ref: Lowa)
| | |
0.003
| | |
0.03
|
Mediumb
|
0.05
|
(0.01, 0.46)
| |
0.07
|
(0.01, 0.85)
| |
Highc
|
0.01
|
(< 0.001, 0.16)
| |
0.02
|
(0.001, 0.39)
| |
Antenatal Visits (ref: < 4)
| | |
<.0001
| | |
0.003
|
4+
|
0.46
|
(0.35, 0.59)
| |
0.60
|
(0.43, 0.84)
| |
Medically high riskd (ref: No)
| | |
<.0001
| | |
0.0004
|
Yes
|
2.17
|
(1.70, 2.77)
| |
1.81
|
(1.30, 2.51)
| |
Age groups (ref: 19–34)
| | |
0.07
| | |
0.30
|
0–18
|
1.00
|
(0.68, 1.46)
| |
0.63
|
(0.35, 1.14)
| |
35+
|
1.39
|
(1.05, 1.84)
| |
0.93
|
(0.65, 1.35)
| |
Education groups (ref: 13+)
| | |
<.0001
| | |
0.01
|
0–6
|
1.82
|
(1.26, 2.63)
| |
1.64
|
(1.03, 2.63)
| |
7–12
|
0.97
|
(0.70, 1.34)
| |
0.98
|
(0.66, 1.44)
| |
Marital status (ref: Single/Separated/Divorced/Widowed/Other)
| | |
0.79
| | |
0.61
|
Married/Cohabitating
|
1.05
|
(0.75, 1.46)
| |
0.88
|
(0.54, 1.44)
| |
BMI groups (ref: [18.5,25))
| | |
0.16
| | |
0.10
|
[0,18.5)
|
2.47
|
(0.66, 9.18)
| |
4.66
|
(1.12, 19.4)
| |
[25,30)
|
1.17
|
(0.87, 1.56)
| |
1.33
|
(0.95, 1.86)
| |
30+
|
1.42
|
(0.99, 2.04)
| |
1.29
|
(0.84, 1.96)
| |
Obstetric & Labour-Level Factors
|
Obstetrically High Riske (ref: No)
| | |
<.0001
| | |
<.0001
|
Yes
|
4.48
|
(3.50, 5.74)
| |
3.67
|
(2.58, 5.23)
| |
Referred during labor (ref: No)
| | |
<.0001
| | |
0.08
|
Yes
|
1.92
|
(1.47, 2.50)
| |
1.37
|
(0.96, 1.96)
| |
Gestational Age at Birth (ref: 37–42)
| | |
<.0001
| | |
0.13
|
24–33
|
5.16
|
(3.33, 8.00)
| |
2.24
|
(0.96, 5.25)
| |
34–36
|
2.82
|
(2.06, 3.87)
| |
1.36
|
(0.82, 2.28)
| |
Birthweight (grams) (ref: [2500,3500))
| | |
<.0001
| | |
0.14
|
< 1500
|
7.37
|
(4.33, 12.6)
| |
1.64
|
(0.54, 4.97)
| |
[1500,2500)
|
2.06
|
(1.52, 2.78)
| |
0.97
|
(0.61, 1.54)
| |
[3500–4500)
|
0.75
|
(0.59, 0.97)
| |
0.72
|
(0.51, 1.00)
| |
4500+
|
1.70
|
(0.83, 3.47)
| |
1.68
|
(0.68, 4.12)
| |
Onset of Labor (ref: Spontaneous)
| | |
0.71
| | |
0.68
|
Induced
|
1.07
|
(0.75, 1.53)
| |
0.91
|
(0.59, 1.42)
| |
Parity (ref: 0)
| | |
0.92
| | |
0.25
|
1+
|
1.01
|
(0.83, 1.24)
| |
1.21
|
(0.88, 1.68)
| |
Fetal Presentation (ref: Cephalic)
| | |
0.15
| | |
0.04
|
Breech
|
0.72
|
(0.52, 1.01)
| |
0.52
|
(0.31, 0.87)
| |
Other
|
0.89
|
(0.53, 1.50)
| |
0.66
|
(0.31, 1.39)
| |
Number of neonates (ref: 1)
| | |
0.0002
| | |
0.24
|
2+
|
2.17
|
(1.44, 3.28)
| |
1.46
|
(0.78, 2.76)
| |
Previous Cesarean (ref: No)
| | |
0.002
| | |
0.39
|
Yes
|
0.66
|
(0.51, 0.86)
| |
0.82
|
(0.53, 1.28)
| |
Available facility-Level Factors
|
Obstetrician Performed surgery (ref: No)
| | |
0.28
| | |
0.57
|
Yes
|
0.84
|
(0.61, 1.15)
| |
0.89
|
(0.59, 1.34)
| |
Teaching Facility (ref: No)
| | |
0.08
| | |
0.16
|
Yes
|
0.37
|
(0.12, 1.14)
| |
0.33
|
(0.07, 1.57)
| |
Total Deliveries at Facility (ref: < 3500)
| | |
0.27
| | |
0.26
|
[3500,10,000)
|
2.21
|
(0.70, 7.01)
| |
2.84
|
(0.64, 12.6)
| |
10,000+
|
3.65
|
(0.54, 24.8)
| |
5.39
|
(0.43, 67.0)
| |
Urban Facility (ref: No)
| | |
0.16
| | |
0.26
|
Yes
|
2.49
|
(0.70, 8.89)
| |
2.89
|
(0.46, 18.3)
| |
Indication CS (ref: Elective)
| | |
<.0001
| | |
<.0001
|
Fetal Indication
|
1.36
|
(0.84, 2.20)
| |
1.31
|
(0.65, 2.64)
| |
Failure to Progress/Dystocia
|
1.11
|
(0.69, 1.79)
| |
1.39
|
(0.70, 2.76)
| |
Maternal or Obstetric Indication
|
6.81
|
(4.25, 10.9)
| |
4.74
|
(2.36, 9.50)
| |
Multiples/Malpresentation
|
1.50
|
(0.88, 2.54)
| |
1.65
|
(0.73, 3.73)
| |
No Other Indication
|
2.41
|
(1.56, 3.73)
| |
1.77
|
(0.94, 3.33)
| |