No Adverse Outcomes (n = 28,476) | Adverse Outcomes (n = 1040) | All (n = 29,516) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Woman-Level Factors | ||||||
Human Development Index 2008 of Country in Which Woman Delivered | ||||||
Lowa | 1394 | 5% | 164 | 16% | 1558 | 5% |
Mediumb | 20,977 | 74% | 801 | 77% | 21,778 | 74% |
Highc | 6105 | 21% | 75 | 7% | 6180 | 21% |
Antenatal Visits | ||||||
< 4 visits | 6211 | 22% | 350 | 34% | 6561 | 22% |
4+ visits | 20,489 | 72% | 625 | 60% | 21,114 | 72% |
Missing | 1776 | 6% | 65 | 6% | 1841 | 6% |
Medically high riskd | ||||||
No | 22,803 | 80% | 2370 | 813 | 25,173 | 81% |
Yes | 5283 | 19% | 342 | 217 | 5625 | 18% |
Missing | 390 | 1% | 10 | 0% | 400 | 1% |
Age groups | ||||||
0–18 | 2016 | 7% | 71 | 7% | 2087 | 7% |
19–34 | 23,210 | 82% | 771 | 74% | 23,981 | 81% |
35+ | 3222 | 11% | 189 | 18% | 3411 | 12% |
Missing | 28 | 0% | 9 | 1% | 37 | 0% |
Education groups | ||||||
0–6 years | 6065 | 21% | 308 | 30% | 6373 | 22% |
7–12 years | 15,835 | 56% | 541 | 52% | 16,376 | 55% |
13+ years | 4991 | 18% | 128 | 12% | 5119 | 17% |
Missing | 1585 | 6% | 63 | 6% | 1648 | 6% |
Marital status | ||||||
Single/Separated/Divorced/Widowed/Other | 3525 | 12% | 123 | 12% | 3648 | 12% |
Married/Cohabitating | 24,852 | 87% | 917 | 88% | 25,769 | 87% |
Missing | 99 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 99 | 0% |
BMI groups | ||||||
Underweight | 147 | 1% | 6 | 1% | 153 | 1% |
Normal weight | 7950 | 28% | 265 | 25% | 8215 | 28% |
Overweight | 11,128 | 39% | 355 | 34% | 11,483 | 39% |
Obese | 4860 | 17% | 197 | 19% | 5057 | 17% |
Missing | 4391 | 15% | 217 | 21% | 4608 | 16% |
Obstetric & Labour-Level Factors | ||||||
Previous Cesarean | ||||||
No | 22,624 | 79% | 862 | 83% | 23,486 | 80% |
Yes | 5784 | 20% | 177 | 17% | 5961 | 20% |
Missing | 68 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 69 | 0% |
Obstetrically High Riske | ||||||
No | 25,784 | 91% | 837 | 80% | 26,621 | 90% |
Yes | 2560 | 9% | 201 | 19% | 2761 | 9% |
Missing | 132 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 134 | 0% |
Referred during labor | ||||||
No | 21,216 | 75% | 728 | 70% | 21,944 | 74% |
Yes | 7252 | 25% | 311 | 30% | 7563 | 26% |
Missing | 8 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 9 | 0% |
Gestational Age at Birth | ||||||
24–33 | 590 | 2% | 36 | 3% | 626 | 2% |
34–36 | 1907 | 7% | 90 | 9% | 1997 | 7% |
37–42 | 25,979 | 91% | 914 | 88% | 26,893 | 91% |
Birthweight (grams) | ||||||
< 1500 | 249 | 1% | 26 | 3% | 275 | 1% |
1500–2500 | 2427 | 9% | 119 | 11% | 2546 | 9% |
2500–3500 | 17,359 | 61% | 587 | 56% | 17,946 | 61% |
3500–4500 | 8028 | 28% | 279 | 27% | 8307 | 28% |
4500+ | 308 | 1% | 24 | 2% | 332 | 1% |
Missing | 105 | 0% | 5 | 0% | 110 | 0% |
Onset of Labor | ||||||
Spontaneous | 24,461 | 86% | 881 | 85% | 25,342 | 86% |
Induced | 2957 | 10% | 109 | 10% | 3066 | 10% |
Missing | 1058 | 4% | 50 | 5% | 1108 | 4% |
Parity | ||||||
0 | 15,223 | 53% | 497 | 2% | 15,720 | 53% |
1+ | 13,194 | 46% | 529 | 2% | 13,723 | 46% |
Missing | 59 | 0% | 14 | 0% | 73 | 0% |
Fetal Presentation | ||||||
Cephalic | 24,787 | 87% | 866 | 83% | 25,653 | 87% |
Breech | 2728 | 10% | 122 | 12% | 2850 | 10% |
Other | 904 | 3% | 52 | 5% | 956 | 3% |
Missing | 57 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 57 | 0% |
Number of neonates | ||||||
1 neonate | 27,520 | 97% | 974 | 94% | 28,494 | 97% |
≥ 2 neonates | 956 | 3% | 66 | 6% | 1022 | 3% |
Available facility-Level Factors | ||||||
Obstetrician Performed surgery | ||||||
No | 11,782 | 41% | 450 | 43% | 12,232 | 41% |
Yes | 16,684 | 59% | 590 | 57% | 17,274 | 59% |
Missing | 10 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0% |
Teaching Facility | ||||||
No | 5058 | 18% | 374 | 36% | 5432 | 18% |
Yes | 23,418 | 82% | 666 | 64% | 24,084 | 82% |
Total Deliveries at Facility | ||||||
< 3500 | 7731 | 27% | 336 | 32% | 8067 | 27% |
[3500,10,000) | 12,148 | 43% | 590 | 57% | 12,738 | 43% |
10,000+ | 7431 | 26% | 103 | 10% | 7534 | 26% |
Missing | 1166 | 4% | 11 | 1% | 1177 | 4% |
Urban Facility | ||||||
No | 25,433 | 89% | 740 | 71% | 26,173 | 89% |
Yes | 2993 | 11% | 294 | 28% | 3287 | 11% |
Missing | 50 | 0% | 6 | 1% | 56 | 0% |
Indication for CS | ||||||
Fetal Indication | 4997 | 18% | 134 | 13% | 5131 | 17% |
Failure to Progress/Dystocia | 7010 | 25% | 131 | 13% | 7141 | 24% |
Maternal or Obstetric Indication | 1918 | 7% | 127 | 12% | 2045 | 7% |
Multiples/Malpresentation | 2390 | 8% | 88 | 8% | 2478 | 8% |
Elective | 3286 | 12% | 41 | 4% | 3327 | 11% |
No Other Indication | 8832 | 31% | 517 | 50% | 9349 | 32% |
Missing | 43 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 45 | 0% |