Maternal health, pregnancy and birth outcomes for women involved in care proceedings in Wales: a linked data study

Table 4 Immediate pregnancy and birth outcomes for the cohort (n = 1111) and comparison group (n = 23,414)

Variable	Level	Cohort n (%)	Comparison n (%)	p-value
Place of birth	Hospital	1105 (99.5)	23,344 (99.7)	0.443
Place of birth	Non-Hospital	5 (0.5)	65 (0.3)
Mode of birth	Spontaneous/unassisted	772 (69.7)	15,371 (65.8)	0.002
	Emergency C-Section	137 (12.4)	3210 (13.7)
	Elective C-Section	114 (10.3)	2204 (9.4)
	Forceps	58 (5.2)	1812 (7.8)
	Ventouse	26 (2.3)	777 (3.3)
Gestational age at onset of labour (mean (SD))^a		38.4 (2.4)	39.1 (1.9)	< 0.001
Gestational age at onset of labour	Premature	153 (14.2)	1550 (6.7)	< 0.001
Gestational age at onset of labour	Full term	926 (85.8)	21,429 (93.3)
Birthweight for full-term babies	< 2500 g	74 (8.0)	607 (2.8)	< 0.001
	2500 g-3999 g	792 (85.2)	18,509 (86.2)
	> = 4000 g	63 (6.8)	2346 (10.9)
Birthweight for preterm babies (mean (SD))*		2,259.2 (685.7)	2,309.5 (718.7)	0.41
Apgar score	< 7	37 (3.4)	442 (1.9)	0.001
Apgar score	> = 7	1043 (96.6)	22,618 (98.1)

Missing data (n): Place of birth (cohort: 1; comparison: 5); Mode of birth (cohort: 4; comparison: 40); Gestational age at onset of labour (cohort: 32; comparison: 435); Birthweight for full-term babies (cohort: 2; comparison: 33); Birthweight for preterm babies (cohort: 2; comparison: 14); Apgar score (cohort: 31; comparison: 354)
^a One-way analysis of variance tests were computed to compare differences in means between the cohort and matched comparison groups. Chi-squared analyses were used to compare all other differences in this table

ISSN: 1471-2393